In situ formation of dispersed palladium nanoparticles in microemulsion: Efficient reaction system for ligand-free Heck reaction

Copper- and ligand-free Sonogashira reaction catalyzed by palladium in microemulsion

“…The polyoxyethylenetype surfactants and alcohols have been found to have reducing properties for transmission metal salts [15][16][17]. Therefore the microemulsion may act as a reducing agent and stabilizer for the palladium nanoparticles [18]. The dispersed palladium nanoparticles in the microemulsion were applied to the Sonogashira reaction here.…”

Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles using methacrylic acid

“…As developments in nanotechnology continue to emerge, its applicability to the food industry, such as in food packaging and edible films will increase [3][4][5]. Nanoparticle synthesis is currently intensely researched due to its wide variety of potential applications, including in food processing [6,7], and in biomedical [8], optical [9], and electronic devices [10]. The use of natural polysaccharides in the preparation of nanoparticles has attracted attention [11][12][13][14] due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and hydrophilic, which are favorable characteristics in various applications.…”

Copper- and ligand-free Sonogashira reaction catalyzed by palladium in microemulsion: Effects of surfactant and alcohol

“…In our study, nano-Pd could be in situ formed in a five-component microemulsion of heptane/butanol/water/ propylene glycol/TX100 microemulsion [23,24]. The palladium nanoparticles were in situ formed by heating the palladium salt in the microemulsion in absence of any other reducing agent (Fig.…”

“…The palladium nanoparticle was in situ formed by heating the palladium salt in the microemulsion in the absence of other reducing agents. The microemulsion here may act as the palladium nanoparticle reducing agent and stabilizer [23]. In situ-formed palladium nanoparticles in the microemulsion have higher reactivities than the pre-prepared palladium nanoparticles [24].…”