In-situ fluorescence spectroscopy is a more rapid and resilient indicator of faecal contamination risk in drinking water than faecal indicator organisms

Sorensen, James; Nayebare, Jacintha; Carr, Andrew F.; Lyness, R. C.; Campos, Luiza C.; Ciric, Lena; Goodall, Tim; Kulabako, Robinah; Curran, Catherine M. Rushworth; MacDonald, Alan; Owor, Michael; Read, Daniel S.; Taylor, Richard G.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117734

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…At the single well scale, the Smart Handpumps initiative has reduced the time required for fixing a broken pump (Gamble et al 2017), while solar-powered groundwater pumping (Closas and Rap 2017) rapidly gained popularity via a more affordable second generation of solar panels. Rapid tests for microbial contamination in drinking water can return instantaneous results for screening high-risk supplies (Sorensen et al 2021). Managed aquifer recharge (Dillon et al 2019) is also providing the ability to reuse appropriately treated urban stormwater, sewage and other waste waters to increase groundwater storage (Zheng et al 2022;this issue).…”

Section: The Tools For Possible Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Collection: International Year of Groundwater—managing future societal and environmental challenges

Petitta

Kreamer

Davey³

et al. 2023

Hydrogeol J

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Groundwater’s role in maintaining the well-being of the planet is increasingly acknowledged. Only recently has society recognised groundwater as a key component of the water cycle. To improve public understanding and the proper use of groundwater, the hydrogeological community must expand its efforts in groundwater assessment, management, and communication. The International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) intends to help achieve the United Nation’s water-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the adoption of innovative hydrogeological strategies. This essay introduces a topical collection that encapsulates IAH’s 2022 ‘Year for Groundwater’.

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Section: The Tools For Possible Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Collection: International Year of Groundwater—managing future societal and environmental challenges

Petitta

Kreamer

Davey³

et al. 2023

Hydrogeol J

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“…In dryland areas of sub‐Saharan Africa, groundwater recharge occurs disproportionately from heavy, often extreme rainfall (Cuthbert et al., 2019; Goni et al., 2021; Seddon et al., 2021; Taylor et al., 2013). The mechanisms by which water surpluses from heavy rainfall events are transmitted to groundwater are often unclear but have been shown to include: (a) focused recharge via leakage from ephemeral streams or ponds (Favreau et al., 2009; Goni et al., 2021; Seddon et al., 2021), (b) rapid infiltration via macropores in low‐permeability weathered soils (Beven & Germann, 2013; Owor et al., 2009; Sorensen et al., 2021), and (c) permeable Quaternary sands (Cissé Faye et al., 2019; Goni et al., 2021; Kotchoni et al., 2019). Rapid responses in groundwater levels to heavy rainfalls observed from collated piezometric records in many of these cited studies have highlighted the vulnerability of groundwater to contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate contamination of urban groundwater and heavy rainfall: Observations from Dakar, Senegal

Pouye

Faye

Diedhiou

et al. 2023

Vadose Zone Journal

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In low-income urban areas of major cities in Africa, sanitation provision derives primarily from onsite systems often comprising septic tanks and pit latrines. Such systems rely upon the ability of the surrounding soil and substratum to attenuate contaminants like nitrate and pathogenic microorganisms in wastewater. Here, we assess soil-water and solute dynamics in Quaternary aeolian sands underlying a densely populated suburb (Keur Massar) of Dakar (Senegal) using high-frequency monitoring and vadose zone modeling (Hydrus-1D). Observations of rainfall intensity, soil moisture content, and shallow groundwater-level fluctuations and nitrate concentrations were carried out at an experimental site adjacent to a septic tank supplied by toilets used by a primary school. Rapid rises in soil moisture content and episodic recharge contributions observed in groundwater levels caused by heavy (>10 mm h −1 ) and extreme (>20 mm h −1 ) rainfall are well modeled (R 2 = .79-.83; RMSE = 0.012-0.019) by pore-matrix flow in the unsaturated zone by the Darcy-Richards equation. Spot sampling around the most intense rainfall of 2020 (45 mm h −1 ) reveals a fivefold rise and fall in the concentration of nitrate in soil moisture (∼500 to ∼2,500 mg L −1 ). These measurements provide new insight into the hydrological dynamics by which shallow groundwater is grossly contaminated (>500 mg L −1 ) by nitrate through episodic flushing by heavy rainfall of wastewater from a vast estimated network of over 250,000 septic tanks underlying this suburb of Dakar. INTRODUCTIONShallow groundwater plays a vital role in the provision of water supplies in low-income areas of urban Africa (Gaye &

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“…Food preparation and processing operations need vast quantities of water daily, and high-quality water requirements such as potable or demineralized water set the food industry apart from other industrial applications. 1 Microbial contamination of drinking water poses the greatest risk to food safety systems, 2 and approximately 485,000 people die each year from diarrhea, dysentery, and polio caused by microbiologically contaminated drinking water. 3 This calls for novel water treatment technologies that are robust, low cost, and energy efficient to eradicate planktonic pathogens and biofilms from water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraefficient OG-Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation Mechanism for Ablation of Bacteria and Biofilms in Water Augmented by Potassium Iodide under Blue Light Irradiation

Shi,

Chen,

Zheng

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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While photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has emerged as a novel sterilization strategy for drinking water treatment that recently attracted tremendous attention, its efficiency needs to be further improved. In this study, we aimed to clarify the ultraefficient mechanism by which potassium iodide (KI) potentiates octyl gallate (OG)-mediated PDI against bacteria and biofilms in water. When OG (0.15 mM) and bacteria were exposed to blue light (BL, 420 nm, 210 mW/cm2), complete sterilization (>7.5 Log cfu/mL of killing) was achieved by the addition of KI (250 mM) within only 5 min (63.9 J/cm2). In addition, at lower doses of OG (0.1 mM) with KI (100 mM), the biofilm was completely eradicated within 10 min (127.8 J/cm2). The KI-potentiated mechanism involves in situ rapid photogeneration of a multitude of reactive oxygen species, especially hydroxyl radicals (•OH), reactive iodine species, and new photocytocidal substances (quinone) by multiple photochemical pathways, which led to the destruction of cell membranes and membrane proteins, the cleavage of genomic DNA and extracellular DNA within biofilms, and the degradation of QS signaling molecules. This multitarget synergistic strategy provided new insights into the development of an environmentally friendly, safe, and ultraefficient photodynamic drinking water sterilization technology.

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In-situ fluorescence spectroscopy is a more rapid and resilient indicator of faecal contamination risk in drinking water than faecal indicator organisms

Cited by 18 publications

References 71 publications

Topical Collection: International Year of Groundwater—managing future societal and environmental challenges

Topical Collection: International Year of Groundwater—managing future societal and environmental challenges

Nitrate contamination of urban groundwater and heavy rainfall: Observations from Dakar, Senegal

Ultraefficient OG-Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation Mechanism for Ablation of Bacteria and Biofilms in Water Augmented by Potassium Iodide under Blue Light Irradiation

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