In-Situ Fabrication of Bi/BiMn–BiMn–Mn Graded Materials by High Magnetic Field Gradients

Solidification of Immiscible Alloys under High Magnetic Field: A Review

“…Based on this mechanism, the microstructure of immiscible alloy forms a layered microstructural gradient by controlling the distribution of phase in the high-gradient magnetic field. To explore the possibility of simultaneously controlling the particle migration in the solidification process, Liu et al [93] chose a Bi-11.8 mass%Mn multiphase alloy system as the experimental material. The alloy solidified at a lower cooling rate under different high-gradient magnetic fields, and it was found that four phases (primary Mn-Bi, primary Mn, eutectic Mn-Bi, and eutectic Bi) successively precipitated during the solidification process of the alloy.…”

“…Al-Pb alloy Pb-rich phase Migration damping [79,80] Al-In alloy In-rich phase Segregation damping, alignment [65] Al-Ni alloy Al 3 Ni phase Segregation, alignment, rotation [77] Al-Bi alloy Bi-rich phase Segregation damping [109] In-Sn alloy Sn-rich phase Diffusion damping [58,59] Cu-Pb alloy Pb-rich phase Segregation damping [64] Cu-Co alloy Co-rich phase Magnetization energy, segregation damping [37,84] Bi-Zn alloy Bi-rich phase Segregation damping, alignment [78,99] Mn-Bi alloy Mn-Bi phase Alignment, segregation [91] Bi-Mn alloy Mn crystal Segregation, interaction, alignment [93] Fe-Si alloy α-Fe crystal Orientation, alignment [98] Fe-Sn alloy Fe-rich phase Orientation, alignment [102]…”

High-gradient magnetic field-controlled migration of solutes and particles and their effects on solidification microstructure: A review

“…(color online) Distributions of MnSb phase volume fraction along depth from the top surface of eutectic Mn-Sb alloys solidified in various gradient magnetic fields (B = 11.5 T). [51] As an alternative to separately controlling the migration of solutes or particle-like phases, Liu et al [52] chose a multiphase alloy system-i.e., Bi-11.8 mass% Mn-as the experimental material and explored the possibility of simultaneously controlling the migration of and particles during the solidification process. This alloy has four phases (primary Mn, primary MnBi, eutectic Bi, and eutectic MnBi) that successively precipitate during the solidification process.…”

“…(color online) Schematic diagrams of distributions of primary Mn and BiMn in various high-gradient magnetic fields: (a) without magnetic field, both primary Mn and BiMn segregated in the upper part; (b) −B dB/dz ≈ 6 T 2 /m, primary Mn was homogeneously distributed; (c) 6 < −BdB/dz < 14 T 2 /m, primary Mn segregated in the lower part; (d) −B(dB/dz) ≈ 14 T 2 /m, primary BiMn was homogeneously distributed; (e) −BdB/dz 14 T 2 /m, both primary Mn and BiMn strongly segregated in the lower part. [52] Mn solute and BiMn phase were calculated using the model described in Ref. [21].…”

Progress on High Magnetic Field-Controlled Transport Phenomena and Their Effects on Solidification Microstructure

“…In these cases, the particle assembly was governed by the applied magnetic force, magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, and chain-chain interaction. Recently, Liu et al extended this research to other binary and multi-alloy systems, such as Bi-11.8 wt.%Mn 72) and Al-12Si-11.8Mg-6.5Ti., 73) respectively. During the solidification of Bi-11.8 wt.%Mn alloys in high gradients, there are three typical structures, i.e., primary MnBi, primary Mn and MnBi/Bi eutectic in the alloys whereas for Al-12Si-11.8Mg-6.5Ti alloys, there are five typical structures, i.e., Mg2Si, (Al,Si)3Ti, (Al,Si)3Ti-Ti5Si4 coupled phase, Al/Mg2Si eutectic and Al/Si eutectic in the alloys.…”