In situ environmental transmission electron microscopy study of oxidation of two-dimensional Ti3C2and formation of carbon-supported TiO2

Ghassemi, Hessam; Harlow, Wayne; Mashtalir, Olha; Beidaghi, Majid; Lukatskaya, Maria R.; Gogotsi, Yury; Taheri, Mitra L.

doi:10.1039/c4ta02583k

Cited by 311 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

199

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[46] Previous studies showed the formation of titanium dioxide and carbon, with nucleation of titania crystals along the edges of MXene flakes. [46] For instance, when colloidal solution of delaminated MXene in water is exposed to air, Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes are completely oxidized within several days. This results in the solution color change from translucent black/brown to cloudy white, with a white precipitate of titania accumulating at the bottom of a vial.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Synthesis on Quality, Electronic Properties and Environmental Stability of Individual Monolayer Ti₃C₂ MXene Flakes

Lipatov

Alhabeb

Lukatskaya

et al. 2016

Adv Elect Materials

1,333

1,032

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract2D transition metal carbide Ti 3 C 2 T x (T stands for surface termination), the most widely studied MXene, has shown outstanding electrochemical properties and promise for a number of bulk applications. However, electronic properties of individual MXene flakes, which are important for understanding the potential of these materials, remain largely unexplored. Herein, a modified synthetic method is reported for producing high-quality monolayer Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes. Field-effect transistors (FETs) based on monolayer Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes are fabricated and their electronic properties are measured. Individual Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes exhibit a high conductivity of 4600 ± 1100 S cm −1 and fieldeffect electron mobility of 2.6 ± 0.7 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . The resistivity of multilayer Ti 3 C 2 T x films is only one order of magnitude higher than the resistivity of individual flakes, which indicates a surprisingly good electron transport through the surface terminations of different flakes, unlike in many other 2D materials. Finally, the fabricated FETs are used to investigate the environmental stability and kinetics of oxidation of Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes in humid air. The high-quality Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes are reasonably stable and remain highly conductive even after their exposure to air for more than 24 h. It is demonstrated that after the initial exponential decay the conductivity of Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes linearly decreases with time, which is consistent with their edge oxidation. A l h a b e b , e t a l . i n A d v a n c e d E l e c t r o n i c M a t e r i a l s 2 ( 2 0 1 6 digitalcommons.unl.edu L i p a t o v &

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Synthesis on Quality, Electronic Properties and Environmental Stability of Individual Monolayer Ti₃C₂ MXene Flakes

Lipatov

Alhabeb

Lukatskaya

et al. 2016

Adv Elect Materials

1,333

1,032

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, having more defects makes s-Ti3C2Tx more prone to oxidation in air than L-Ti3C2Tx, resulting in higher overall resistance. 54 Fig . 3a shows a digital photograph of an as-fabricated L-sTi3C2Tx MSC device on a glass substrate, with a United States (US) Dime coin alongside for size comparison.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-MXene (2D titanium carbide) solid-state microsupercapacitors for on-chip energy storage

Peng

Aküzüm

Kurra

et al. 2016

Energy Environ. Sci.

594

452

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

CitationAll-MXene (2D titanium carbide) solid-state microsupercapacitors for on-chip energy storage 2016 Energy Environ. Sci. On-chip energy storage is a rapidly evolving research topic, opening doors for integration of batteries and supercapacitors at microscales on rigid and flexible platforms. Recently, a new class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides (so-called MXenes) has shown great promise in electrochemical energy storage applications. Here, we report the farbication of all-MXene (Ti3C2Tx) solid-state interdigital microsupercapacitors by employing a solution spray-coating, followed by a photoresist-free direct laser cutting method. Our prototype devices consisted of two layes of Ti3C2Tx with two different flake sizes. The bottom layer was stacked large-size MXene flakes (lateral dimensions of 3-6 μm) serving mainly as current collectors. The top layer was made of small-size MXene flakes (~1 μm) with a large number of defects and edges as the electroactive layer responsible for energy storage. Compared to Ti3C2Tx micro-supercapacitors with platinum current collectors, the all-MXene devices exhibited much lower contact resistance, higher capacitances and better rate-capabilities. The areal and volumetric capacitances of ~27 mF cm -2 and ~357 F cm -3 , respectively, at a scan rate of 20 mV s -1 were achieved. The devices also demonstrated their excellent cyclic stability, with 100 % capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at a scan rate of 50 mV s -1 . This study opens up a plethora of possible designs for high-performance on-chip devices employing different chemistries, flake sizes and morphologies of MXenes and their heterostructures. Eprint version Broader contextThe continuous development and further miniaturization of portable electronic devices and microelectromechanical systems has led to the increasing demands for micro or nanoscale power sources and energy storage units. Supercapacitors, also called electrochemical capacitors, are energy storage devices with long service life and high power densities that can be fully charged and discharged in seconds. Small-scale supercapacitors, or micro-supercapacitors (MSCs), can be integrated with self-powered microscale devices and provide the required power for a long duration of time without maintenance, serving as ideal stand-alone power sources. The intrinsic properties of electrode materials play a crucially important role in the performance of MSCs. Here, a novel MSC is fabricated by employing a new material, two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene). The MXene MSCs offer long lifetime and higher areal and volumetric capacities compared to most of the previously reported devices. This work opens up a door for the design of on-chip devices with high energy storage capability by employing a large family (~ 20 members) of 2D MXenes and their heterostructures.

show abstract

“…The oxidation was found to form anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals embedded in amorphous carbon sheets (TiO 2 -C hybrid structure). Ghassemi et al studied the oxidation mechanism through in situ TEM analysis [48]. It was assumed that, during flash oxidation, the top and bottom Ti layers oxidized to form thin anatase nanoparticles; however, during slow oxidation, the top and bottom Ti layers were transformed into sheets of nanocrystalline rutile.…”

Section: Chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in MXene: Preparation, properties, and applications

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Owing to the exceptional properties of graphene, intensive studies have been carried out on novel two-dimensional (2D) materials. In the past several years, an elegant exfoliation approach has been used to successfully create a new family of 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, termed MXene, from layered MAX phases. More recently, some unique properties of MXene have been discovered leading to proposals of potential applications. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in development of MXene from both a theoretical and experimental view, with emphasis on the possible applications.

show abstract

In situ environmental transmission electron microscopy study of oxidation of two-dimensional Ti₃C₂and formation of carbon-supported TiO₂

Cited by 311 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of Synthesis on Quality, Electronic Properties and Environmental Stability of Individual Monolayer Ti₃C₂ MXene Flakes

Effect of Synthesis on Quality, Electronic Properties and Environmental Stability of Individual Monolayer Ti₃C₂ MXene Flakes

All-MXene (2D titanium carbide) solid-state microsupercapacitors for on-chip energy storage

Recent advances in MXene: Preparation, properties, and applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

In situ environmental transmission electron microscopy study of oxidation of two-dimensional Ti3C2and formation of carbon-supported TiO2

Cited by 311 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of Synthesis on Quality, Electronic Properties and Environmental Stability of Individual Monolayer Ti3C2 MXene Flakes

Effect of Synthesis on Quality, Electronic Properties and Environmental Stability of Individual Monolayer Ti3C2 MXene Flakes

All-MXene (2D titanium carbide) solid-state microsupercapacitors for on-chip energy storage

Recent advances in MXene: Preparation, properties, and applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

In situ environmental transmission electron microscopy study of oxidation of two-dimensional Ti₃C₂and formation of carbon-supported TiO₂

Effect of Synthesis on Quality, Electronic Properties and Environmental Stability of Individual Monolayer Ti₃C₂ MXene Flakes

Effect of Synthesis on Quality, Electronic Properties and Environmental Stability of Individual Monolayer Ti₃C₂ MXene Flakes