In-situ distortions in LMD additive manufacturing walls can be measured with digital image correlation and predicted using numerical simulations

Biegler, Max; Graf, Benjamin; Rethmeier, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2017.12.007

Cited by 81 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…When a massive amount of energy is imposed on a small area, the melt pool becomes narrow and deep which can lead to important solidification defects [35]. Non convex melt pool shape were also reported with Laser Cladding by Biegler et al [7].…”

Section: Epitaxial Grain Growth Along the Thermal Gradientmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…1. In this table, the material parameters for Inconel 718 are taken from [26] and the convection coefficient h is chosen as a compromise value between high convection below the nozzle and low convection far from it [7,21,39].…”

Section: Convection and Conduction Cooling Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process parameters, together with the particular geometry of the components, control the heat input, the melt pool shape and the spatial temperature gradients and cooling rates which condition the material microstructure. A material volume can be submitted to several solidification-remelt cycles with the printing of the above layers, depending of the melt pool depth and shape which can be quite complex as exhibited experimentally by Biegler et al in [7]. The material also experiences annealing afterwards as the part stays at high temperatures until the end of the process [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Influence of interlayer dwell time on the microstructure of Inconel 718 Laser Cladded components

Guévenoux

Hallais

Charles

et al. 2020

Optics & Laser Technology

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Laser Cladding is one of the leading additive manufacturing technologies enabling the repair of metallic components. Their fatigue reliability depends directly on the material microstructure and consequently on the process parameters. This study highlights the influence of the interlayer dwell time on single-track walls for Inconel 718 repaired components. EBSD analyses show that dwell time both reduces grain size and creates a textural stretch of the microstructure. An optimal dwell time between the writing of successive layers can then be introduced to target a specified microstructure gradient at the interface between the original part and the repaired deposit.

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Section: Epitaxial Grain Growth Along the Thermal Gradientmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Convection and Conduction Cooling Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of interlayer dwell time on the microstructure of Inconel 718 Laser Cladded components

Guévenoux

Hallais

Charles

et al. 2020

Optics & Laser Technology

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“…After the laser leaves, the irradiated zone will be cool and tends to shrink. The captured distortion images with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) [12] and the recorded distortion curves with Laser Displacement Sensor (LDS) [13] verified the distortion 2 of 11 behavior in heating and cooling process predicted by TGM. However, some phenomena cannot be interpreted well by TGM, such as the link between temperature and distortion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Distortion of Thin-Walled Structure Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting Based on Assumption of Constraining Force-Induced Distortion

Yang

Xie

Yue

et al. 2019

Metals

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Metal additive manufacturing has shown great potential in aerospace, medical, and automobile industries; however, distortion of metal part has been an obstacle in widespread application of metal additive manufacturing. The mechanism of thin-walled structure distortion remains unrevealed. In this study, the origin of distortion of thin-walled structure was discussed, based on the previously proposed assumption of constraining force-induced distortion. The relation between the microstructure and macro-distortion has been linked via the constraining force. The influence of scan directions and structure sizes on the distortion was also studied, and the approaches to decrease the thin-walled structure were discussed. Use of the alternant scan strategy has been validated as an effective approach if the structure sizes cannot be adjusted.

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“…Michaleris et al [22,23] built an on-line measurement apparatus to detect the cantilevered substrate distortion of the free end by a laser displacement sensor that can only reflect the real-time deformation of the specially designed substrate rather than that of the deposited structure. Xie et al [24] and Biegler et al [25] obtained the continuous full-field strain of thin-wall deposition using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method, but the device is complex and the subsequent image processing and analysis costly, which is not suitable for the process detection requiring rapid responses. In fact, many deposited structures can be used, as long as the dimensional accuracy of key positions meets the design requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Real-Time Method to Detect the Deformation Behavior during Laser Solid Forming of Thin-Wall Structure

Tan

Chen

Feng

et al. 2020

Metals

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Laser solid forming (LSF) is a promising additive manufacturing technology. In the LSF process, deformation behaviors dictate the accuracy of the produced parts. In this study, by using a laser displacement detector based on laser triangulation principle, an accurate and effective real-time detection method was established to monitor the real-time deformation behavior of the key position during the LSF of a thin-wall structure. The results confirmed that increasing thin-wall length results in increasing final deformation of the edge. The displacement fluctuation range and value in the middle of thin wall are both smaller than that of the positions near the end, while the entire displacement changing direction in the middle is opposite to that of the end positions. When the deposition process is paused, the deformation of the thin wall during the cooling stage will deviate the position of the deposited thin wall, resulting in the dislocation between the subsequent deposited part and that before the pause, which affect the dimensional accuracy of the thin wall structure. This non-contact real-time detection method also confirmed the ability to monitor the initiation of cracking during the LSF process, and a potential to be used for the on-line feedback control of deformation of detected key position of deposited structure.

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In-situ distortions in LMD additive manufacturing walls can be measured with digital image correlation and predicted using numerical simulations

Cited by 81 publications

References 33 publications

Influence of interlayer dwell time on the microstructure of Inconel 718 Laser Cladded components

Influence of interlayer dwell time on the microstructure of Inconel 718 Laser Cladded components

Distortion of Thin-Walled Structure Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting Based on Assumption of Constraining Force-Induced Distortion

A Real-Time Method to Detect the Deformation Behavior during Laser Solid Forming of Thin-Wall Structure

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