In situ determination of trace elements in  Fucus  spp. by field-portable-XRF

Turner, Andrew; Poon, Hiu; Taylor, Alex; Brown, Murray T.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.091

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although they require costly instrumentation, their non-destructive analytical characteristics enable repetition in measurement (Yatkin et al, 2016;Turner et al, 2017) and allow for analysis by multiple techniques. We were able to use the filter samples (47 mm diameter) we collected with three different techniques -PIXE (n=64), SEM-EDS (n=45), and µ-SXRF (n=32) -since each technique required a minute sample size only (Huang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Sources of PM10 Burning-Season Haze in Northern Thailand Using Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Kiatwattanacharoen¹,

Prapamontol²,

Singharat³

et al. 2017

CMUJNS

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This study explored the sources of PM 10 in the smoke haze during the traditional burning season in northern Thailand by determining the characteristics of the atomic elements in PM 10 compared to known plant samples. The ambient air was collected from two sites (urban and peri-urban) in the Chiang MaiLamphun Basin. This was compared to the characteristics of the leaves from eight agricultural and forest plants predominant in the region: bamboo, grass, teak, yangna, corn, longan, lychee, and rice that were collected and burned in a combustion chamber to collect the resultant PM 10 . The elements -Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, and Fe -were analyzed by PIXE, SEM-EDS, and μ-SXRF. Morphologies of PM 10 particles were analyzed by SEM. The concentrations of the elements in the PM 10 of the ambient air samples correlated highly with the PM 10 from the combustion of teak, yangna, and corn leaves. The results of principal component analysis (PCA), correlations, and morphological characteristics analyzed by SEM also showed that the ambient air PM 10 belonged to the same group as the PM 10 from combustion of teak, yangna, and corn. A HYSPLIT trajectory model indicated that the ambient air PM 10 in the Chiang Mai -Lamphun Basin was derived primarily from hotspots on the Thai-Myanmar border driven by southwest winds, as well as some hotspots in the basin itself. This study has shown that open burning of plant sources, both forest and agricultural, particularly along the Thai-Myanmar border to the southwest, is a primary source of the smoke haze in the Chiang Mai -Lamphun Basin during the dry season.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Sources of PM10 Burning-Season Haze in Northern Thailand Using Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Kiatwattanacharoen¹,

Prapamontol²,

Singharat³

et al. 2017

CMUJNS

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“…With thicknesses that were statistically indistinguishable between the dry and fresh states and the propensity of water to absorb low energy x-rays, this observation is, perhaps, counterintuitive. However, based on similar observations made during the XRF analysis of fresh and dried macroalgae (Turner et al, 2017), we attribute the discrepancy to a greater flexibility of biological material when fresh, allowing blades to be positioned closer to the detector window of the instrument. This effect also resulted in precisions, derived from repeat measurements of the same leaf area, that were better when samples were analysed in the fresh state (between 10 and 20%) than when analysed after freeze-drying (between 15 and 25%).…”

Section: Xrf Detection Limits In Leavesmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…without milling or packing) using an XRF algorithm that is calibrated for low density matter. This approach was recently tested and validated both in the laboratory and in the field on coastal and marine macroalgae (Bull et al, 2017;Turner et al, 2017) and is trialled in the present study on deciduous leaves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of field-portable-XRF for the determination of trace elements in deciduous leaves from a mine-impacted region

2018

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Deciduous leaves (n = 87) from beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula spp.) and oak (Quercus spp.) trees have been collected from three metal mine-impacted sites in southwest England and tested for concentrations of trace elements (As, Cu, Pb and Zn) using a field-portable-x-ray fluorescence (FP-XRF) spectrometer configured in a low density mode and housed in a stand. When intact leaves were analysed directly, mean detection limits ranged from about 10 (As) to 70 μg g (Cu) on a fresh weight basis; after freeze-drying, respective limits increased to about 20 and 120 μg g on a dry weight basis. Within these constraints, As and Zn were detected in samples from all genera, with concentration differences between fresh and dry states attributed to the mass of water present and its propensity to attenuate x-rays. A comparison with As and Zn concentrations in local soils and determined by XRF in a higher density mode revealed different accumulation and exclusion characteristics among the three genera of tree. In contrast, and despite soil concentrations that were similar to those of Zn, Cu was detected in only two dried leaves and Pb evaded detection throughout. Pooled results from the study showed good agreement with independent results derived from ICP following acid digestion, with a slope defining the overall relationship that was close to unit value. Accordingly, the XRF approach is able to provide a rapid assessment of the levels of certain trace elements in leaves from contaminated sites, with the configuration deployed on site having potential to deliver immediate results.

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“…LODs in the fresh state may be related to the ability to place a wet paste or slurry closer to and flatter against the detector window than a dried, particulate material (Turner et al, 2017), but once concentrations in fresh samples had been normalised to a dry weight basis ([Me-dw*], g g -1 dw*) by correcting for the fraction of water present, fw:…”

Section: Measures Of Lod Precision and Heterogeneity For Sediment Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

On site determination of trace metals in estuarine sediments by field-portable-XRF

Turner

Taylor

2018

Talanta

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A portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer and mobile test stand have been employed to examine the feasibility of on site measurements of trace metals in estuarine sediment. In the laboratory, the instrument was able to detect the trace metals: As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn; and the geochemical proxy metals: Ca, Fe, K and Rb; in both fresh and freeze-dried surficial samples from the Tamar and Tavy estuaries, southwest England, that had been emplaced in polyethylene bags over the detector window. The presence of interstitial water in fresh samples acted as both a diluent of sediment mass and an attenuator of incident and fluorescent x-rays, resulting in measured (fresh weight) metal concentrations that were significantly lower than corresponding (dry weight) concentrations derived from dry analyses. Gravimetric correction for fractional water content (f ~ 0.2-0.6) gave rise to results that were within 20% of those derived from dry analyses with the exception of K, whose relatively low energy fluorescent x-rays were subject to significant attenuation from the aqueous medium; further x-ray attenuation was observed for both K and Ca through the sample bag, thereby limiting the usefulness of the approach for these metals. A relationship between the concentration of Rb and f in fresh samples suggests that Rb may be used as a proxy for interstitial water content through its covariance with sediment grain size. Accordingly, on site measurements of trace metals of sufficient fluorescent x-ray energies may be corrected empirically with respect to Rb in order to simultaneously account for variations in granulometry and mass contribution of water. On this basis, results from an axial transect of the Tamar and an intertidal transect in the Tavy were able to detect variations in trace metal concentrations that were consistent with known sources and geochemical behaviours.

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In situ determination of trace elements in Fucus spp. by field-portable-XRF

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

Exploring the Sources of PM10 Burning-Season Haze in Northern Thailand Using Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Exploring the Sources of PM10 Burning-Season Haze in Northern Thailand Using Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Application of field-portable-XRF for the determination of trace elements in deciduous leaves from a mine-impacted region

On site determination of trace metals in estuarine sediments by field-portable-XRF

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