In situ detection of aerosol layers in the middle stratosphere

Renard, Jean‐Baptiste; Berthet, Gwenaël; Salazar, V.; Catoire, Valéry; Tagger, M.; Gaubicher, Bertrand; Robert, Claude

doi:10.1029/2010gl044307

Cited by 29 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The rate of change of the size distribution for aerosols larger than 1 µm in comparison with smaller sizes is expected to indicate the presence of solid particles. This approximately constant concentration of large solid particles has been observed previously (Renard et al, 2010).…”

Section: Vertical Profilessupporting

confidence: 64%

“…For solid particles, which have non-zero values of the imaginary part of the refractive index because of their absorbing properties, the intensity of the scattered light is less than that for the liquid droplets. This means that the concentration for a given size class can be underestimated, because the concentration of solid aerosols is attributed to lower size classes (Renard et al, 2010).…”

Section: Measurement Technique Of Uncharged and Charged Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Klekociuk et al, 2005) and interplanetary grains are present at all altitudes, with occasional local and temporal enhancements. Such solid particles may explain the sporadic aerosol layer detected above 30 km by Renard et al (2010). Finally, in the mesosphere, the recondensation of disintegrated meteoritic material produces "smoke particles" (Gabrielli et al, 2004;Amyx et al, 2008;Herving et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ detection of electrified aerosols in the upper troposphere and stratosphere

Renard¹,

Tripathi

Michael

et al. 2013

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Electrified aerosols have been observed in the lower troposphere and in the mesosphere, but have never been detected in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. We present measurements of aerosols obtained during a balloon flight to an altitude of ∼ 24 km. The measurements were performed with an improved version of the Stratospheric and Tropospheric Aerosol Counter (STAC) aerosol counter dedicated to the search for charged aerosols. It is found that most of the aerosols are charged in the upper troposphere for altitudes below 10 km and in the stratosphere for altitudes above 20 km. Conversely, the aerosols seem to be uncharged between 10 km and 20 km. Model calculations are used to quantify the electrification of the aerosols with a stratospheric aerosol-ion model. The percentages of charged aerosols obtained with model calculations are in excellent agreement with the observations below 10 km and above 20 km. However, the model cannot reproduce the absence of electrification found in the lower stratosphere, as the processes leading to neutralisation in this altitude range are unknown. The presence of sporadic transient layers of electrified aerosol in the upper troposphere and in the stratosphere could have significant implications for sprite formation.

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Section: Vertical Profilessupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Measurement Technique Of Uncharged and Charged Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ detection of electrified aerosols in the upper troposphere and stratosphere

Renard¹,

Tripathi

Michael

et al. 2013

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Aerosol particles counters are often used on the ground; some of them are used in the free atmosphere on-board aircraft or large balloons during dedicated campaigns, for example for the studies of desert dust events or volcanic aerosols (Bukowiecki et al, 2011;Jégou et al, 2013;Ryder et al, 2013) or for stratospheric studies (Rosen, 1964;Ovarlez and Ovarlez, 1995;Deshler et al, 2003;Renard et al, 2008, Renard et al, 2010b. We propose here a new optical particle counter concept called LOAC (Light Optical Aerosol Counter) that is light and compact enough to perform measurements on the ground and under all kinds of balloons in the troposphere and in the stratosphere, including meteorological balloons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 1: Principle of measurements and instrument evaluation

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The study of aerosols in the troposphere and in the stratosphere is of major importance both for climate and air quality studies. Among the numerous instruments available, optical aerosol particles counters (OPCs) provide the size distribution in diameter range from about 100 nm to a few tens of µm. Most of them are very sensitive to the nature of aerosols, and this can result in significant biases in the retrieved size distribution. We describe here a new versatile optical particle/sizer counter named LOAC (Light Optical Aerosol Counter), which is light and compact enough to perform measurements not only at the surface but under all kinds of balloons in the troposphere and in the stratosphere. LOAC is an original OPC performing observations at two scattering angles. The first one is around 12 • , and is almost insensitive to the refractive index of the particles; the second one is around 60 • and is strongly sensitive to the refractive Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. J.-B. Renard et al.: Size distribution and nature of atmospheric particlesindex of the particles. By combining measurement at the two angles, it is possible to retrieve the size distribution between 0.2 and 100 µm and to estimate the nature of the dominant particles (droplets, carbonaceous, salts and mineral particles) when the aerosol is relatively homogeneous. This typology is based on calibration charts obtained in the laboratory. The uncertainty for total concentrations measurements is ±20 % when concentrations are higher than 1 particle cm −3 (for a 10 min integration time). For lower concentrations, the uncertainty is up to about ±60 % for concentrations smaller than 10 −2 particle cm −3 . Also, the uncertainties in size calibration are ±0.025 µm for particles smaller than 0.6 µm, 5 % for particles in the 0.7-2 µm range, and 10 % for particles greater than 2 µm. The measurement accuracy of submicronic particles could be reduced in a strongly turbid case when concentration of particles > 3 µm exceeds a few particles cm −3 . Several campaigns of cross-comparison of LOAC with other particle counting instruments and remote sensing photometers have been conducted to validate both the size distribution derived by LOAC and the retrieved particle number density. The typology of the aerosols has been validated in well-defined conditions including urban pollution, desert dust episodes, sea spray, fog, and cloud. Comparison with reference aerosol mass monitoring instruments also shows that the LOAC measurements can be successfully converted to mass concentrations.

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“…First, we compare the model's output with (Ovarlez and Ovarlez, 1995;Renard et al, 2005Renard et al, , 2010. Particles are classified by their diameters into tune- (Kravitz et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Model simulations of the chemical and aerosol microphysical evolution of the Sarychev Peak 2009 eruption cloud compared to in-situ and satellite observations

Lurton¹,

Jégou²,

Berthet³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Volcanic eruptions impact climate through the injection of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), which is oxidized to form sulfuric acid aerosol particles that can enhance the stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD). Besides large-magnitude eruptions, Co-injection of 27 Gg HCl causes a lengthening of the SO 2 lifetime and a slight delay in the formation of aerosols, and acts to enhance the destruction of stratospheric ozone and mono-nitrogen oxides (NO x ) compared to the simulation with volcanic SO 2 only. We therefore highlight the need to account for volcanic halogen chemistry when simulating the impact of eruptions such 15 as Sarychev on stratospheric chemistry. The model-simulated evolution of effective radius (r eff ), reflects new particle formation followed by particle growth that enhances r eff to reach up to 0.2 µm on zonal average. Comparisons of the model-simulated particle number and size-distributions to balloon-borne in-situ stratospheric observations over Kiruna, Sweden, in August and September 2009, and over Laramie, U.S.A., in June and November 2009 show good agreement and quantitatively confirms the post-eruption particle enhancement. We show that the model-simulated SAOD is consistent with that derived from OSIRIS 20

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In situ detection of aerosol layers in the middle stratosphere

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

In situ detection of electrified aerosols in the upper troposphere and stratosphere

In situ detection of electrified aerosols in the upper troposphere and stratosphere

LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 1: Principle of measurements and instrument evaluation

Model simulations of the chemical and aerosol microphysical evolution of the Sarychev Peak 2009 eruption cloud compared to in-situ and satellite observations

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