In situ chondrocyte deformation with physiological compression of the feline patellofemoral joint

Clark, Arthur W.; Barclay, Leona; Matyas, John R.; Herzog, Walter

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(02)00424-4

Cited by 51 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Typically, the collagen arrangement depends on the zonal subdivision (deep-middle-superficial zones), which in turn depends roughly on the cartilage layer thickness (Clark et al 2003). We used the data for collagen orientation as obtained by Mollenahuer et al (2003) using X-ray diffraction for a sample from the talus of similar 2 mm thickness (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elastic modulus of the cells is three orders of magnitude smaller than that of the matrix, while the permeability is five orders of magnitude higher (Jones et al 1997;Shin and Athanasiou 1997). However, since their volumetric fraction is usually small (Stockwell 1979), and their aspect ratio (ratio of the major to the minor axis) is not far from unity (it ranges between 0.5 and 1.5; Clark et al 2003), we assume that the cells do not contribute significantly to the anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the permeability of the matrix-cell composite. In this framework, the source of anisotropy and inhomogeneity in cartilage is thus produced by the collagen fibres (Benninghoff 1925;Muir et al 1970;Aspden and Hukins 1981;Jeffery et al 1991;Mollenahuer et al 2003).…”

Section: The Tith Permeability Of Articular Cartilagementioning

confidence: 99%

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On the anisotropy and inhomogeneity of permeability in articular cartilage

Federico

Herzog

2007

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

112

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Articular cartilage is known to be anisotropic and inhomogeneous because of its microstructure. In particular, its elastic properties are influenced by the arrangement of the collagen fibres, which are orthogonal to the bone-cartilage interface in the deep zone, randomly oriented in the middle zone, and parallel to the surface in the superficial zone. In past studies, cartilage permeability has been related directly to the orientation of the glycosaminoglycan chains attached to the proteoglycans which constitute the tissue matrix. These studies predicted permeability to be isotropic in the undeformed configuration, and anisotropic under compression. They neglected tissue anisotropy caused by the collagen network. However, magnetic resonance studies suggest that fluid flow is "directed" by collagen fibres in biological tissues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to express the permeability of cartilage accounting for the microstructural anisotropy and inhomogeneity caused by the collagen fibres. Permeability is predicted to be anisotropic and inhomogeneous, independent of the state of strain, which is consistent with the morphology of the tissue. Looking at the local anisotropy of permeability, we may infer that the arrangement of the collagen fibre network plays an important role in directing fluid flow to optimise tissue functioning.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Tith Permeability Of Articular Cartilagementioning

confidence: 99%

On the anisotropy and inhomogeneity of permeability in articular cartilage

Federico

Herzog

2007

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

112

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“…The results of the present study, in light of those results, might be because the more distinct and earlier zonal increase in T2 values of cartilage repair tissue in the patella is really due to a faster maturation or possibly due to the thicker cartilage. In addition to the clear differences in cartilage thickness between the patella and the MFC [3], a difference in the thickness of the different anatomical cartilage zones has also been described, with an extended deep zone in the patella compared with the femur [4]. This may account for the clearer difference within the deep cartilage layer than within the superficial cartilage layer (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, there is a clear topographical difference in cartilage surface and cartilage thickness between these two anatomical sites [2,3]. Furthermore, when looking at biochemical and biomechanical properties, this regional variation is also obvious, most likely due to different loading conditions that influence the compressive and tensile behavior of articular cartilage [4][5][6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and comparison of cartilage repair tissue of the patella and medial femoral condyle by using morphological MRI and biochemical zonal T2 mapping

et al. 2008

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The objective of this study was to use advanced MR techniques to evaluate and compare cartilage repair tissue after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) in the patella and medial femoral condyle (MFC). Thirty-four patients treated with MACT underwent 3-T MRI of the knee. Patients were treated on either patella (n = 17) or MFC (n = 17) cartilage and were matched by age and postoperative interval. For morphological evaluation, the MR observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score was used, with a 3D-True-FISP sequence. For biochemical assessment, T2 mapping was prepared by using a multiecho spin-echo approach with particular attention to the cartilage zonal structure. Statistical evaluation was done by analyses of variance. The MOCART score showed no significant differences between the patella and MFC (p > or = 0.05). With regard to biochemical T2 relaxation, higher T2 values were found throughout the MFC (p < 0.05). The zonal increase in T2 values from deep to superficial was significant for control cartilage (p < 0.001) and cartilage repair tissue (p < 0.05), with an earlier onset in the repair tissue of the patella. The assessment of cartilage repair tissue of the patella and MFC afforded comparable morphological results, whereas biochemical T2 values showed differences, possibly due to dissimilar biomechanical loading conditions.

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“…The deformation of chondrocytes has been previously measured, generally under static deformation, in native cartilage (Guilak 1995;Guilak et al, 1995;Guilak et al, 1999;Clark et al, 2003) and in other scaffold materials, e.g. agarose ( Lee and Bader, 1995;Knight et al, 2002).…”

Section: No Chahine Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ measurements of chondrocyte deformation under transient loading

Chahine¹,

Hung²,

Ga³

2007

eCM

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Chondrocytes are responsible for the elaboration and maintenance of the extracellular (EC) matrix in articular cartilage, and previous studies have demonstrated that mechanical loading modulates the biosynthetic response of chondrocytes in cartilage explants. The goal of this study is to investigate the deformation behaviour of the chondrocyte and its microenvironment under transient loading, in order to address the relationship between the applied dynamic deformation and cellular strain. In situ strain measurements were performed on cells in the middle (MZ) zone at early time points during ramp loading and at equilibrium. In this study, we characterized the behaviour of cartilage at the zonal and cellular levels under compressive loading using digital image analysis on miniature samples tested in a custom microscopy-based loading device. The experimental results indicate that significant strain amplification occurs in the microenvironment of the cell, with the minimum (compressive) principal strain found to be nearly 7X higher in the intracellular region (IC), and ~5X higher in the pericellular (PC) matrix than in the EC matrix at peak ramp. A similar strain amplification mechanism was observed in the maximum (tensile) principal strain, and this behaviour persisted even after equilibrium was reached. The experimental results of this study were interpreted in the context of a finite element model of chondrocyte deformation, which modelled the cell as a homogeneous gel, possessing either a spherical or ellipsoidal geometry, surrounded by a semi permeable membrane, and accounted for the presence of a PC matrix. The results of the FEA demonstrate significant strain amplification mechanism in the IC region, greater than had previously been suggested in earlier computational studies of cell-EC matrix interactions. Based on the FEA, this outcome is understood to result from the large disparity between EC matrix and intracellular properties. The results of this study suggest that mechanotransduction of chondrocytes may be significantly mediated by this strain amplification mechanism during loading.

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In situ chondrocyte deformation with physiological compression of the feline patellofemoral joint

Cited by 51 publications

References 30 publications

On the anisotropy and inhomogeneity of permeability in articular cartilage

On the anisotropy and inhomogeneity of permeability in articular cartilage

Evaluation and comparison of cartilage repair tissue of the patella and medial femoral condyle by using morphological MRI and biochemical zonal T2 mapping

In-situ measurements of chondrocyte deformation under transient loading

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