In Situ Chemical Characterization of Aged Biomass-Burning Aerosols Impacting Cold Wave Clouds

Pratt, Kerri A.; Heymsfield, Andrew J.; Twohy, Cynthia H.; Murphy, S. M.; DeMott, Paul J.; Hudson, James G.; Subramanian, R.; Wang, Zhien; Seinfeld, John H.; Prather, Kimberly A.

doi:10.1175/2010jas3330.1

Cited by 57 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…2). Biomass burning particles were characterized by intense peaks at m/z 39 (K + ) and −97 (HSO − 4 ), as well as less intense peaks at m/z 12 (C + ), 18 (NH + 4 ), and 27 (C 2 H + 3 ) (Pratt et al, 2010). Biomass burning particles also contained a peak at m/z 43 (C 2 H 3 O + ), a marker for oxidized OC, which is addressed further in Sect.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquitous influence of wildfire emissions and secondary organic aerosol on summertime atmospheric aerosol in the forested Great Lakes region

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Long-range aerosol transport affects locations hundreds of kilometers from the point of emission, leading to distant particle sources influencing rural environments that have few major local sources. Source apportionment was conducted using real-time aerosol chemistry measurements made in July 2014 at the forested University of Michigan Biological Station near Pellston, Michigan, a site representative of the remote forested Great Lakes region. Size-resolved chemical composition of individual 0.5-2.0 µm particles was measured using an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS), and non-refractory aerosol mass less than 1 µm (PM 1 ) was measured with a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS). The field site was influenced by air masses transporting Canadian wildfire emissions and urban pollution from Milwaukee and Chicago. During wildfireinfluenced periods, 0.5-2.0 µm particles were primarily aged biomass burning particles (88 % by number). These particles were heavily coated with secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed during transport, with organics (average O/C ratio of 0.8) contributing 89 % of the PM 1 mass. During urban-influenced periods, organic carbon, elemental carbonorganic carbon, and aged biomass burning particles were identified, with inorganic secondary species (ammonium, sulfate, and nitrate) contributing 41 % of the PM 1 mass, indicative of atmospheric processing. With current models underpredicting organic carbon in this region and biomass burning being the largest combustion contributor to SOA by mass, these results highlight the importance for regional chemical transport models to accurately predict the impact of longrange transported particles on air quality in the upper Midwest, United States, particularly considering increasing intensity and frequency of Canadian wildfires.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ubiquitous influence of wildfire emissions and secondary organic aerosol on summertime atmospheric aerosol in the forested Great Lakes region

et al. 2018

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“…burning particles detected by ATOFMS (Lea-Langton et al, 2015;Pratt et al, 2010;Silva et al, 1999). Sulfate ( 97 HSO − 4 ) dominates the negative ion mass spectra of the K-SO x particles, with additional signals for MSA ( 95 CH 3 SO − 3 ) and oxalate ( 89 (COO) 2 H − ).…”

Section: Regionally Transported Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

et al. 2017

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Abstract. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was employed to provide real-time single particle mixing state and thereby source information for aerosols impacting the western Mediterranean basin during the ChArMEx-ADRIMED and SAF-MED campaigns in summer 2013. The ATOFMS measurements were made at a ground-based remote site on the northern tip of Corsica.Twenty-seven distinct ATOFMS particle classes were identified and subsequently grouped into eight general categories: EC-rich (elemental carbon), K-rich, Na-rich, amines, OC-rich (organic carbon), V-rich, Fe-rich and Carich particles. Mass concentrations were reconstructed for the ATOFMS particle classes and found to be in good agreement with other co-located quantitative measurements (PM 1 , black carbon (BC), organic carbon, sulfate mass and ammonium mass). Total ATOFMS reconstructed mass (PM 2.5 ) accounted for 70-90 % of measured PM 10 mass and was comprised of regionally transported fossil fuel (EC-rich) and biomass burning (K-rich) particles. The accumulation of these transported particles was favoured by repeated and extended periods of air mass stagnation over the western Mediterranean during the sampling campaigns. The single particle mass spectra proved to be valuable source markers, allowing the identification of fossil fuel and biomass burning combustion sources, and was therefore highly complementary to quantitative measurements made by Particle into Liquid Sampler ion chromatography (PILS-IC) and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), which have demonstrated that PM 1 and PM 10 were comprised predominantly of sulfate, ammonium and OC. Good temporal agreement was observed between ATOFMS EC-rich and K-rich particle mass concentrations and combined mass concentrations of BC, sulfate, ammonium and low volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA). This combined information suggests that combustion of fossil fuels and biomass produced primary EC-and OC-containing particles, which then accumulated ammonium, sulfate and alkylamines during regional transport.Three other sources were also identified: local biomass burning, marine and shipping. Local combustion particlesPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. (emitted in Corsica) contributed little to PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentrations but were easily distinguished from regional combustion particles. Marine emissions comprised fresh and aged sea salt: the former was detected mostly during a 5-day event during which it accounted for 50-80 % of sea salt aerosol mass, while the latter was detected throughout the sampling period. Dust was not efficiently detected by the ATOFMS, and support measurements showed that it was mainly in the PM 2.5-10 fraction. Shipping particles, identified using markers for heavy fuel oil combustion, were associated with regional emissions and represented only a small fraction of PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentration at the site.

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“…Over Southeast Asia, this activity usually peaks in the dry season Hyer and chew, 2010;Permadi and Kim Oanh, 2013;Mahmud, 2013), which includes both forest fires and open burning of crop residues for preparation of planting areas (Chantara et al, 2012;Kim Oanh and Leelasakultum, 2011). BB emissions severely affect human health (IPCC, 2007;Chuesaard et al, 2014;Sevimoglu and Rogge, 2015), as well as regional/global climate (Arola et al, 2007;Pratt et al, 2010;Alonso-Blanco et al, 2014). Chemical profiling of BB aerosols is essential to distinguishing various source origins, and can be used to evaluate effects on health and climate .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Biomass Burning Chemical Components over Northern Southeast Asia during 7-SEAS/BASELInE 2014 Campaign

Khamkaew

Chantara

Janta

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigates the chemical components of biomass burning (BB) aerosols obtained from Doi Ang Khang (DAK; near BB source) and Chiang Mai University (CMU; an urban location) over northern Southeast Asia in dry season (March to mid-April) 2014. PM 2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm) samples were collected over a 24-h sampling period as a part of the Seven South East Asian Studies ) and CMU (90.7-93.1 µg m -3 ) were not significantly different (p > 0.05) and well correlated (r = 0.8), and likely originated from similar source origins. The number of fire hotspots was particularly high during 20-21 March (greater than 200) and, consequently, peaks of PM 2.5 were recorded at both sites. The most abundant elements at both sampling sites were K (49-50% of total elements), Al (26-31%), Mg (16%) and Zn (4-7%), whereas SO 4 2-(30-38% of total ions), NO 3 -(13-20%), Na + (16-20%) and NH 4 + (14-15%) were the most abundant ions. Concentrations of levoglucosan and K + (BB tracers) were well correlated (r = 0.5 for CMU and 0.7 for DAK) confirming that the PM 2.5 detected in these areas were mainly influenced by BB activity. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that BB, road traffic, agricultural activity and soil re-suspension were plausible sources of PM 2.5 over the study locations. Apart from local sources, the influence of long-range transport was also investigated by way of three-day backward trajectory analysis.

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In Situ Chemical Characterization of Aged Biomass-Burning Aerosols Impacting Cold Wave Clouds

Cited by 57 publications

References 98 publications

Ubiquitous influence of wildfire emissions and secondary organic aerosol on summertime atmospheric aerosol in the forested Great Lakes region

Ubiquitous influence of wildfire emissions and secondary organic aerosol on summertime atmospheric aerosol in the forested Great Lakes region

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

Investigation of Biomass Burning Chemical Components over Northern Southeast Asia during 7-SEAS/BASELInE 2014 Campaign

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