In situ characterization of lymphocytic immunophenotypes and interleukin-2 receptors in cutaneous tuberculosis and leprosy-a comparative evaluation

Sehgal, Virendra; Gupta, Rakesh; Karmakar, Sanchita; Logani, K B; Jain, Sanjiv

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01202.x

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Double stainings for CD3/CD8 showed moderate numbers of double-positive cells in BL/LL patients and in BT patients (data not shown). However, a ratio of CD4 to CD8 cell numbers showed bias toward CD8 in BL/ LL patients (0.6:1-0.3:1), whereas CD4 cells predominated in BT patients (1.25:1-2:1) as reported earlier [20].…”

Section: T-cells (Cd3 Cd4 and Cd8)supporting

confidence: 84%

Leprosy-specific B-cells within cellular infiltrates in active leprosy lesions

et al. 2007

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Section: T-cells (Cd3 Cd4 and Cd8)supporting

confidence: 84%

Leprosy-specific B-cells within cellular infiltrates in active leprosy lesions

et al. 2007

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“…The efficacy of sulfones was initially attributed to their bactericidal effect. Hypothetically, sulfones may promote lysosomal phospholipase activity in “Mitsuda‐negative macrophages.” 39−103 An antioxidant role has also been suggested .96−100 The abnormality may reside within the mitochondria (oxidative phosphorylation) and lead to excessive release of free radicals; consequently, depression of phospholipases may result. In lepromatous leprosy, the sulfone mechanism of action may be as follows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combining with MHC class I, the same APCs may stimulate CD8+ T lymphocytes, although to a lesser extent than in lepromatous leprosy ( Fig. 7) .49−67 …”

Section: Tuberculoid Leprosy: Infectious and Primary Immune Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Leprosy: pathogenesis updated

Abulafia

Vignale

1999

Int J Dermatology

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“…Because pulmonary tissue was examined, it is difficult to compare the present results to other studies of granulomatous disease, where extrapulmonary tissue was investigated (11,12,14,18). In particular, Modlin and colleagues' data from humans principally consisted of skin biopsies from patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis (13).…”

Section: Cd25mentioning

confidence: 91%

Cellular Immune Suppressor Activity Resides in Lymphocyte Cell Clusters Adjacent to Granulomata in Human Coccidioidomycosis

Li¹,

Dial²,

Schmelz

et al. 2005

Infect Immun

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The in situ immunologic response in human coccidioidomycosis remains undefined. To explore this further, pulmonary necrotizing coccidioidal granulomata were examined using immunohistochemical staining for lymphocyte subsets and for the cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and gamma interferon (IFN-␥). Discrete perigranulomatous lymphocytic clusters were seen in eight of nine tissues examined. In these tissues, T lymphocytes (CD3 ؉ ) significantly outnumbered B lymphocytes (CD20 ؉ ) in the mantle area of the granulomata (P ‫؍‬ 0.028), whereas the clusters were composed of roughly equal numbers of T and B lymphocytes. While the number of cells in the mantle expressing IL-10 was similar to those in the perigranulomatous clusters, there were significantly more cells expressing IFN-␥ in the mantle than in the clusters (P ‫؍‬ 0.037). Confocal microscopy revealed that CD4؉ T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are associated with IL-10 production. CD4؉ CD25 ؉ T lymphocytes were identified in the perigranulomatous clusters but were not associated with IL-10 production. This is the first report noting perigranulomatous lymphocyte clusters and IL-10 in association with human coccidioidal granulomata and suggests that down-regulation of the cellular immune response is occurring within coccidioidal granulomata.Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection of increasing importance in the southwest United States (4). In the vast majority of cases, infection is acquired by inhalation of the fungus. Two-thirds of individuals who become infected are asymptomatic, their only evidence of infection being the expression of delayed-type hypersensitivity in response to a coccidioidal skin test. A variety of studies have indicated that protective immunity in human coccidioidomycosis is associated with an appropriate cellular immune response. Smith and colleagues demonstrated that persistent expression of delayed-type hypersensitivity presaged a good outcome, while failure to develop this response was associated with disseminated disease (20). More recently, in vitro studies have shown that peripheral blood T lymphocytes from individuals with well-controlled infection produce gamma interferon (IFN-␥) in response to coccidioidal antigen, while cells from individuals with disseminated disease do not (1). Failure of T lymphocytes to react to coccidioidal antigen in vitro is associated with a poorer clinical score among those with disseminated disease (2).The hallmark of a robust T-lymphocyte response is the granuloma (10), and the formation of necrotizing granulomata as a response to pulmonary coccidioidomycosis has long been associated with a strong cellular immune response and control of coccidioidal disease (6). However, the precise immunological events associated with this response have been largely unexplored. Modlin and colleagues, in work published in 1985 (13), described a distinct pattern of cellular response in a single human pulmonary granuloma. In this pattern, CD4 ϩ lymphocytes were dispersed throughout the granuloma, while CD8 ϩ lymphocytes...

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In situ characterization of lymphocytic immunophenotypes and interleukin-2 receptors in cutaneous tuberculosis and leprosy-a comparative evaluation

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Leprosy-specific B-cells within cellular infiltrates in active leprosy lesions

Leprosy-specific B-cells within cellular infiltrates in active leprosy lesions

Leprosy: pathogenesis updated

Cellular Immune Suppressor Activity Resides in Lymphocyte Cell Clusters Adjacent to Granulomata in Human Coccidioidomycosis

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