In Situ Carbonized Cellulose-Based Hybrid Film as Flexible Paper Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Flexible free-standing carbonized cellulose-based hybrid film is integrately designed and served both as paper anode and as lightweight current collector for lithium-ion batteries. The well-supported heterogeneous nanoarchitecture is constructed from Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), carbonized cellulose nanofiber (C-CNF) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using by a pressured extrusion papermaking method followed by in situ carbonization under argon atmospheres. The in situ carbonization of CNF/CNT hybrid film immobilized with uniform-dispersed LTO results in a dramatic improvement in the electrical conductivity and specific surface area, so that the carbonized paper anode exhibits extraordinary rate and cycling performance compared to the paper anode without carbonization. The flexible, lightweight, single-layer cellulose-based hybrid films after carbonization can be utilized as promising electrode materials for high-performance, low-cost, and environmentally friendly lithium-ion batteries.

Novel porous nanohybrid materials with unexpected mechanical and electrical performance by pyrolysis of carbon nanotube-filled benzoxazine thermosets

“…Carbonization of nanocomposites made of CNTs is currently a hot topic as these materials can lead to highly conductive porous nanohybrids with a main interest in energy field due to the combination of high electrical conductivity with large surface areas. Cao et al 27 have prepared a nanohybrid film by an in situ carbonization of a cellulose nanofiber/CNT moderate and lower than the expected value of 12 GPa according to the Halpin-Tsai model 19 for a randomly oriented nanocomposite prepared with such multi-wall CNT with an intrinsic modulus of 450 GPa, this value is found to be in good agreement with what is reported in the literature. Indeed, the modulus increase recorded for other polybenzoxazine resins (prepared with bisphenol A and 3-aminophenoxyphthalonitrile) filled with CNTs was also reported to be quite limited.…”

Challenges of Spinel Li4Ti5O12 for Lithium‐Ion Battery Industrial Applications

“…CNTs are made from a monolayer of graphene rolled to form a tube. [31,59] Sun et al [60] performed an in situ synthesis of mesoporous nanoscale Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 nanoclusters in a CNT network skeleton via a solution-based method followed by heat treatment to form a binder-free electrode with a high conductivity, flexibility, and mechanical strength. Such unique structures and properties contribute to CNTs popularity in research on carbon materials.…”

Lithium Titanate Cuboid Arrays Grown on Carbon Fiber Cloth for High‐Rate Flexible Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…For flexible device applications, it is desirable to directly fabricate free‐standing electrodes . Cao et al designed a pressure‐controlled aqueous extrusion method for fabricating LTO‐based free‐standing and flexible paper electrode for LIBs.…”