In situ carbon mineralization in ultramafic rocks: Natural processes and possible engineered methods

Kelemen, P. B.; Aines, Roger D.; Bennett, Emma N.; Benson, Sally M.; Carter, E. J.; Coggon, J. A.; Obeso, Juan Carlos de; Evans, Owen; Gadikota, Greeshma; Dipple, Gregory M.; Godard, Marguerite; Harris, Michelle; Higgins, John A.; Johnson, K. T. M.; Kourim, Fatma; Lafay, Romain; Lambart, Sarah; Manning, Craig E.; Matter, J. M.; Michibayashi, Katsuyoshi; Morishita, Tomoaki; Noël, Julie; Okazaki, Keishi; Renforth, Phil; Robinson, Betty; Savage, H. M.; Skarbek, R. M.; Spiegelman, Marc; Takazawa, Eiichi; Teagle, D.A.H.; Urai, János L.; Wilcox, Jennifer

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.013

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The microstructure in the periclase core during its transformation into brucite (Figure a) shows hierarchical patterns similar to the mesh structure of natural serpentinites (Figure b). The fracture patterns in the serpentinite samples in our experiments also appear similar to the patterns of veins and fracture networks observed in natural serpentinites (Figures c and d; see also Figure 5b in Andréani et al, ; Figure 4 in Rouméjon & Cannat, ; and Figure 5 in Kelemen et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Mixed‐Mode Strain Localization Generated by Hydration Reaction at Crustal Conditions

et al. 2019

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Hydration reactions influence rock density and rheology. For example, volume increases produced in hydration reactions may generate sufficient tensile and shear stress to fracture both the rock undergoing the reaction and the surrounding host rock. We performed in situ dynamic X-ray synchrotron microtomography experiments to investigate reaction-induced fracturing. Two experiments on hydration of periclase were performed at 180 or 190°C, under a confinement of 10 or 80 MPa, a pore fluid pressure of 5 or 75 MPa, and with or without differential stress. The sample assembly consists of a periclase cylinder inserted into a central hole within a serpentinite cylinder. The reaction from periclase to brucite results in a large volume increase (110%), pushing the periclase/brucite against the serpentinite and ultimately breaking it. Using time-resolved three-dimensional imaging, we quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of the reaction-induced fractures. We perform digital volume correlation analysis to obtain the incremental strain tensors throughout the hydration and fracturing process. We use numerical models to assess the distribution of stress within the serpentinite. The digital volume correlation results show mixed-mode strain localization. The von Mises strain, indicative of shear, increases by a larger percentage than the contractive or dilatative strain components as the reaction-induced fractures grow. The distribution of von Mises strain follows a power law relationship in the cumulative frequency-magnitude domain, indicative of long-range elastic stress interactions during fracturing. This experimental finding sheds insights on the mechanisms of microseismicity measured in areas undergoing active serpentinization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Mixed‐Mode Strain Localization Generated by Hydration Reaction at Crustal Conditions

et al. 2019

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“…The rate of natural carbon mineralization in the Samail ophiolite is on the order of 1,000 tCO 2 /km 3 /yr (Figure 2) (Kelemen and Matter, 2008;Kelemen et al, 2011;Streit et al, 2012;Mervine et al, 2014). The presence of listvenites-fully carbonated peridotites composed entirely of magnesite and dolomite (MgCO 3 , CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ) + quartz (SiO 2 ) + hematite and goethite (Fe 2 O 3 , FeO(OH)) + relict spinel and/or chromian mica-show that full carbonation of peridotites is possible at natural conditions (about 100 • C) (e.g., Falk and Kelemen, 2015;Kelemen et al, 2018).…”

Section: Carbon Mineralization In Peridotitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Status and Challenges of CO2 Storage in Minerals and Geological Formations

et al. 2019

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“…One could, perhaps, take comfort in the knowledge that the natural geologic carbon cycle can eventually stabilize global temperatures, but most will consider a lag time of about 1 million years unacceptable. With this in mind, some researchers are attempting to harness and accelerate the power of silicate weathering to counteract human-driven climate change in our lifetimes (O'Connor et al 2001;Lackner 2003;Park and Fan 2004;Kelemen and Matter 2008;Lal 2008;Wilson et al 2009;Lechat et al 2016;Power et al 2016;Kelemen et al 2018).…”

Section: Carbonation Reactions and Anthropogenic Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonation and decarbonation reactions: Implications for planetary habitability

Stewart

Ague

Ferry

et al. 2019

American Mineralogist

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The geologic carbon cycle plays a fundamental role in controlling Earth's climate and habitability. For billions of years, stabilizing feedbacks inherent in the cycle have maintained a surface environment that could sustain life. Carbonation/decarbonation reactions are the primary mechanisms for transferring carbon between the solid Earth and the ocean–atmosphere system. These processes can be broadly represented by the reaction: CaSiO3 (wollastonite) + CO2 (gas) ↔ CaCO3 (calcite) + SiO2 (quartz). This class of reactions is therefore critical to Earth's past and future habitability. Here, we summarize their significance as part of the Deep Carbon Obsevatory's “Earth in Five Reactions” project. In the forward direction, carbonation reactions like the one above describe silicate weathering and carbonate formation on Earth's surface. Recent work aims to resolve the balance between silicate weathering in terrestrial and marine settings both in the modern Earth system and through Earth's history. Rocks may also undergo carbonation reactions at high temperatures in the ultramafic mantle wedge of a subduction zone or during retrograde regional metamorphism. In the reverse direction, the reaction above represents various prograde metamorphic decarbonation processes that can occur in continental collisions, rift zones, subduction zones, and in aureoles around magmatic systems. We summarize the fluxes and uncertainties of major carbonation/decarbonation reactions and review the key feedback mechanisms that are likely to have stabilized atmospheric CO2 levels. Future work on planetary habitability and Earth's past and future climate will rely on an enhanced understanding of the long-term carbon cycle.

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In situ carbon mineralization in ultramafic rocks: Natural processes and possible engineered methods

Cited by 43 publications

References 75 publications

Mixed‐Mode Strain Localization Generated by Hydration Reaction at Crustal Conditions

Mixed‐Mode Strain Localization Generated by Hydration Reaction at Crustal Conditions

An Overview of the Status and Challenges of CO2 Storage in Minerals and Geological Formations

Carbonation and decarbonation reactions: Implications for planetary habitability

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