In situ camera observations reveal major role of zooplankton in modulating marine snow formation during an upwelling-induced plankton bloom

Taucher, Jan; Stange, Paul; Algueró-Muñiz, María; Bach, Lennart T.; Nauendorf, Alice; Kolzenburg, Regina; Büdenbender, Jan; Riebesell, Ulf

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2018.01.004

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…RLS and C remin had temporal maxima (and T eff temporal minima) during the mass flux event albeit at different days and in some mesocosms much more pronounced than in others (Figures c, d, and b). We attribute the decreasing T eff during this period to the enhanced availability of fresh and TEP‐rich aggregates, which formed during the bloom (Taucher, Stange, et al, ). These should be more easily degradable because the turnover of TEP is about twice as high as the turnover of the associated cellular POC (Mari et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…and the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis sp. (Taucher et al, ). Exceptional to this general pattern were mesocosms M2 and M8 where the toxic phytoplankton species Vicicitus globosus (Dictyochophyceae; Chang et al, ) contributed majorly to the deep water‐induced phytoplankton blooms (Riebesell et al, ; Figure f).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gelatinous zooplankton comprised Hydrozoa with unresolved taxonomic affiliation and tunicates, represented by Oikopleura dioica and Doliolum sp. A detailed analysis of the zooplankton community can be found in the papers by Lischka et al (), Taucher, Stange, et al (), and Algueró‐Muñiz et al ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxicity of V. globosus has very likely reduced POC degradation by bacteria and/or zooplankton where the latter were considerably less abundant in M8 and M2 (Figure ; Riebesell et al, ). Importantly, the harmful algal bloom (HAB) co‐occurred with a pronounced diatom bloom in M2, while the diatom bloom was much weaker and delayed relative to the HAB in M8 (Taucher, Stange, et al, ). Thus, the sinking material in M2 contained a higher fraction of nontoxic detritus, which explains why C remin and RLS were relatively higher in M2 than in M8 during the HAB (Figure c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deep water addition on day 24 initiated a phytoplankton bloom, which quickly ran into nitrogen limitation and peaked around day 29 (Figures 2a, 2e, and 2g; Taucher, Stange, et al, 2018). TEP concentrations increased sharply after the chl-a peak and promoted the initiation of an aggregation event that lasted for 10 days until aggregates reached their maximum size and sank down during the mass flux event between days 35 and 48 (Figures 2h and 5a; Stange et al, 2017;Taucher, Arístegui, et al, 2018).…”

Section: Influence Of Ballast Minerals and Plankton Community Structumentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Plankton Community Structure on Sinking Velocity and Remineralization Rate of Marine Aggregates

Bach

Stange

Taucher

et al. 2019

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Gravitational sinking of photosynthetically fixed particulate organic carbon (POC) constitutes a key component of the biological carbon pump. The fraction of POC leaving the surface ocean depends on POC sinking velocity (SV) and remineralization rate (Cremin), both of which depend on plankton community structure. However, the key drivers in plankton communities controlling SV and Cremin are poorly constrained. In fall 2014, we conducted a 6‐week mesocosm experiment in the subtropical NE Atlantic Ocean to study the influence of plankton community structure on SV and Cremin. Oligotrophic conditions prevailed for the first 3 weeks, until nutrient‐rich deep water injected into all mesocosms stimulated diatom blooms. SV declined steadily over the course of the experiment due to decreasing CaCO3 ballast and—according to an optical proxy proposed herein—due to increasing aggregate porosity mostly during an aggregation event after the diatom bloom. Furthermore, SV was positively correlated with the contribution of picophytoplankton to the total phytoplankton biomass. Cremin was highest during a Synechococcus bloom under oligotrophic conditions and in some mesocosms during the diatom bloom after the deep water addition, while it was particularly low during harmful algal blooms. The temporal changes were considerably larger in Cremin (max. fifteenfold) than in SV (max. threefold). Accordingly, estimated POC transfer efficiency to 1,000 m was mainly dependent on how the plankton community structure affected Cremin. Our approach revealed key players and interactions in the plankton food web influencing POC export efficiency thereby improving our mechanistic understanding of the biological carbon pump.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Ballast Minerals and Plankton Community Structumentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Plankton Community Structure on Sinking Velocity and Remineralization Rate of Marine Aggregates

Bach

Stange

Taucher

et al. 2019

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Impact of increasing carbon dioxide on dinitrogen and carbon fixation rates under oligotrophic conditions and simulated upwelling

Singh

Bach

Löscher

et al. 2021

Limnology & Oceanography

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Dinitrogen (N 2 ) fixation is a major source of bioavailable nitrogen to oligotrophic ocean communities. Yet, we have limited understanding how ongoing climate change could alter N 2 fixation. Most of our understanding is based on short-term laboratory experiments conducted on individual N 2 -fixing species whereas communitylevel approaches are rare. In this longer-term in situ mesocosm study, we aimed to improve our understanding on the role of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and simulated deep water upwelling on N 2 and carbon (C) fixation rates in a natural oligotrophic plankton community. We deployed nine mesocosms in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean and enriched seven of these with CO 2 to yield a range of treatments (partial pressure of CO 2 , pCO 2 = 352-1025 μatm). We measured rates of N 2 and C fixation in both light and dark incubations over the 55-day study period. High pCO 2 negatively impacted light and dark N 2 fixation rates in the oligotrophic phase before simulated upwelling, while the effect reversed in the light N 2 fixation rates in the bloom decay phase after added nutrients were consumed. Dust deposition and simulated upwelling of nutrient-rich deep water increased N 2 fixation rates and nifH gene abundances of selected clades including the unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium clade UCYN-B. Elevated pCO 2 increased C fixation rates in the decay phase. We conclude that elevated pCO 2 and pulses of upwelling have pronounced effects on diazotrophy and primary producers, and upwelling and dust deposition modify the pCO 2 effect in natural assemblages.

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The biological carbon pump

Passow,

Weber

2023

Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences

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In situ camera observations reveal major role of zooplankton in modulating marine snow formation during an upwelling-induced plankton bloom

Cited by 21 publications

References 68 publications

The Influence of Plankton Community Structure on Sinking Velocity and Remineralization Rate of Marine Aggregates

The Influence of Plankton Community Structure on Sinking Velocity and Remineralization Rate of Marine Aggregates

Impact of increasing carbon dioxide on dinitrogen and carbon fixation rates under oligotrophic conditions and simulated upwelling

The biological carbon pump

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