In Situ Assembling of Glass Microspheres and Bonding Force Analysis by the Ultraviolet–Near-Infrared Dual-Beam Optical Tweezer System

Abstract

Microresonators show great potential as interlayer routing solutions for multilayered three-dimensional (3D) photonic communication networks. New techniques are needed for the convenient and in situ manipulation and immobilization of glass microspheres into functional structures. Herein, near-infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet (UV) lasers were used as optical tweezers to precisely arrange silica microspheres and UV-initiated immobilization in a 3D space. The NIR laser was used to trap targeted microspheres, and the UV laser was focused to immobilize the trapped microspheres in 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MOPS) in ∼6 s. Optical force spectroscopy was performed using the optical tweezers to measure individual bond strength. Next, functional triangular pedestals were designed to flexibly control the gap space for vertical router applications in 3D photonic networks. Thus, the designed UV–NIR dual-beam optical tweezer system can be used to assemble arbitrary functional 3D structures, making it a valuable tool for microfabrication, photonics, and optical communication applications.

Cooperative properties of multiple quantum scattering: I quantum nutation

“…Introducing the thin fibers into evanescent zone of the cavity, we may choose the coupling of atomic subsystem with cavity larger than coupling with the modes of thin fibers. These possible schemes of riding the information from micro-cavities using thin fibers are in the center of interests in many modern experiments [39,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. 2 is substituted by fibers in contacts with atoms placed in both evanescent fields of the spherical cavity and fibers.…”

“…Here K is the wavevector of bimodal components of induced lasing in the cavity. The detection possibilities of such cooperative phenomena after the propagation of correlated photons through different fibers may be realized using figure 5 in which instead of losses in the outside free field, the contact between the fibers and spherical cavity is proposed [39][40][41]. According to this approach, only the diagonal elements belonging to the same modes remain non-zero so that the field intensity is proportional to this number of steps, 'n'.…”