In Situ and Operando Techniques in Catalyst Characterisation and Design

Jodłowski, Przemysław J.; Łojewska, Joanna

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01355-4_11

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In situ/operando characterization techniques for studying the catalyst under reaction conditions can provide in-depth insights into the complex reaction kinetics, thereby strongly contributing to obtaining hints about the nature of active sites and reaction mechanisms. − By definition, “in situ” describes the collection of spectra of the catalyst in the same phenomenon as it has been treated, or under conditions relevant to catalytic operation . While “operando” combines in situ characterization of a working catalyst during genuine reaction condition with simultaneous measurement of catalytic activity and selectivity. , For a long time, the heterogeneity of active sites on support has been considered as the major obstacle for in situ/operando monitoring the real catalytic sites of the catalysts, which also leads to the complexity of the catalytic mechanism studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

In Situ/Operando Techniques for Characterization of Single-Atom Catalysts

et al. 2019

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In situ/Operando characterization techniques are powerful to provide fundamental information about molecular structure-activity/selectivity relationships for various catalytic systems under controlled condition. However, the lack of model catalyst, as the major obstacle for deeper understanding on the nature of active sites and reaction mechanisms, hinders the further advancements in catalysis. Fortunately, the rapid development of single-atom catalysts (SACs) offers us new opportunities for capturing the reaction intermediates, identifying the active sites, and even monitoring the dynamic behaviors of both the geometric structure and electronic environment of the catalytic sites at atomic scale. In this review, the recent advances on the in situ/operando characterization techniques including X-ray absorption spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and etc. for the characterization of SACs are thoroughly summarized. The results from these in situ/operando measurements reveal the crucial role of SACs as model systems for sharpening our understanding on the nature of catalytic sites. Furthermore, the challenges and outlooks in developing in situ/operando techniques for single atom catalysis are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

In Situ/Operando Techniques for Characterization of Single-Atom Catalysts

et al. 2019

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“…The main categories of nanoparticle characterization methods are adsorption methods, thermal analysis, electron microscopy methods, X-ray and neutron methods, ion scattering techniques, vibrational spectroscopies, electron spectroscopies, magnetic measurements, etc. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Characterization Techniques for Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles and the Magnetic Sensing Perspective

Barmpatza,

Baklezos,

Vardiambasis

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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This article sums up and compares the most important techniques for magnetic sensing of ferromagnetic nanoparticles. In addition, the most well-known magnetic sensing instruments are presented, while the advantages and disadvantages of each instrument category are summarized. Finally, a measurement system based on fluxgate magnetometers is proposed for the magnetic characterization of a cobalt-based material applicable in the catalysis process. The authors conclude that this arrangement can provide ferromagnetic material sensing with the most advantages for this catalysis application. Indeed, as nanoparticle materials can be used in many applications, like catalysis, their properties and the phase of the catalyst should be known at any time. Moreover, as the industrial processes operate at a rapid pace, the need for simple, fast, and low-cost measurement systems that will also enable in vivo material characterization is rising. Consequently, this article aims to propose the best candidate magnetic sensing method as well as the best candidate instrument for every application based on the advantages and disadvantages of each sensor.

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