In situ amelioration of sodic minespoil with chemical amendments and crop management: II. Soil physical properties, soil moisture and plant growth

Sansom, J. J.; Chanasyk, D. S.; Naeth, M. Anne; Bateman, J. C.

doi:10.4141/s97-018

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Since 2 MPa is considered the critical value of mechanical impedance for root growth (Taylor et al, 1966, taken from Levy andSumner, 1998;Bedard et al, 1997;Sansom et al, 1998;Ringrose-Voase et al, 2000), it was concluded that all treatments exhibited a high to very high surface compaction. As well, all the treatments exhibited some reduction in crop emergence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques for controlling soil crusting and its effect on corn emergence and production

Amezketa

Aragüés

Pérez³

et al. 2003

Span. j. agric. res.

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Soil crusting is a serious problem in numerous irrigated soils of Aragon. It reduces water infiltration rate, seedling emergence and crop establishment, and enhances runoff and soil erosion. This paper analyses the efficiency of soil conservation practices (direct drilling and mulching) and chemical amendments (gypsum) on the control of soil crusting, and its effect on seedling emergence and corn production. The experiments were carried out in Sierra de Luna (Zaragoza) in a soil prone to crusting. The experimental design was a randomised complete block with six treatments and three replications: T1 (sowing and several irrigations until emergence, a practice known as «aguacive-ra» in Aragon; considered as the control treatment), T2 (sowing and delayed irrigation until post-emergence), T3 (direct drilling over nearly bare soil), T4 (direct drilling over legumes), T5 (T1 + gypsum), and T6 (T2 + gypsum). In all the treatments, except for T1 and T5, irrigation was delayed until post-emergence. Measurements were made on plant emergence, penetration resistance of the crust, final infiltration rate and corn production. All variables were significantly affected by the treatments. T6 was the most effective treatment in reducing soil crusting and enhancing water infiltration into the soil, whereas both T6 and T2 were the most effective at enhancing seedling emergence and corn production. The «aguacivera» treatments (T1 and T5) induced the highest crusting and emergence reduction and, together with T3, they were the least productive, whereas the direct drilling treatments (T3 and T4) followed an intermediate pattern. For crusting reduction, treatment T4 was more effective than treatment T3. The addition of gypsum coupled to a delay in irrigation until corn emergence was thus the most effective treatment of those tested in this work to reduce soil crusting.Key words: infiltration, soil conservation practices, direct drilling, gypsum, irrigation, legumes. Resumen Técnicas de control del encostramiento de los suelos y su efecto en la emergencia y producción de maízEl encostramiento del suelo es un problema serio en muchos de los regadíos aragoneses: reduce la infiltración, aumenta la escorrentía y erosión y reduce la emergencia y producción de los cultivos. Este trabajo evaluó la eficiencia del laboreo de conservación (siembra directa, acolchado) y de enmiendas químicas (yeso) para minimizar el encostramiento y su efecto en la emergencia y producción de maíz. El estudio se realizó en Sierra de Luna (Zaragoza), mediante un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con seis tratamientos y tres repeticiones: T1 (siembra y riegos hasta nascencia, conocido como «aguacivera» en Aragón, y considerado como control), T2 (siembra y retraso de riegos hasta después de nascencia), T3 (siembra directa sobre suelo casi-desnudo), T4 (siembra directa sobre leguminosas), T5 (T1 + yeso), y T6 (T2 + yeso). En todos los tratamientos, excepto T1 y T5, se retrasaron los riegos hasta después de nascencia. El número de plantas emergidas, el grado...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques for controlling soil crusting and its effect on corn emergence and production

Amezketa

Aragüés

Pérez³

et al. 2003

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…In this study, these parameters were integrated to understand the effects of amendment use and crop management on sodic minespoil amelioration along with their implications for successful reclamation of sodic surface-mined soils. Results from the study are reported in this and a companion paper (Sansom et al 1998). In the companion paper, the effects of chemical amendments and crop management on soil physical properties, soil water regime and plant growth are addressed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This significant difference was also evident in 1995 for Mg 2+ , but only in the LAM and UNAM layers. These results were attributed to additional soil water in the fallow/barley subplots (Sansom et al 1998) which increased leaching and removal of salts from the root zone. In 1995, only Cl -concentration was not significantly different between crop management treatments at any depth interval.…”

Section: Solutesmentioning

confidence: 98%

In situ amelioration of sodic minespoil with chemical amendments and crop management. I. Soil chemical properties

Sansom¹,

Naeth²,

Chanasyk³

et al. 1998

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 1998. In situ amelioration of sodic minespoil with chemical amendments and crop management. I. Soil chemical properties. Can. J. Soil Sci. 78: 359-365. Sodic minespoils, which often have undesirable properties that limit plant growth, may be ameliorated by chemical amendments. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sulfur and gypsum amendments in conjunction with crop management (summerfallow/barley rotation and continuous forage) in reducing the sodicity of a calcareous, sodic, sandy loam minespoil at the Highvale coal mine, west of Edmonton, Alberta. Amendments were added in chemically equivalent amounts to theoretically ameliorate the uppermost 35 cm of the spoil. Topsoil (20 cm) overlay both the amended and unamended spoil. Soil chemical parameters were measured to determine amendment effectiveness in an upper amended (20-35 cm depth interval from the surface), a lower amended (40-55 cm) and an upper unamended layer (55-70 cm), all within minespoil.Both sulfur and gypsum effectively reduced minespoil sodicity. The ameliorative effect on SAR occurred within 3 mo with gypsum amendment, but was slower with sulfur. Both amendments significantly lowered Sat% and pH but significantly elevated concentrations of Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + and SO 4 2-in the upper amended layer of the minespoil. Crop management had no significant effect on SAR; however, solute concentrations were lower at all depths under fallow/barley than under continuous forage treatments. 78: 359-365. Il serait possible de restaurer par des amendements chimiques la fertilité des sites miniers sodiques désaffectés, lesquels ont souvent des propriétés indésirables pour la croissance végétale. Nous avons donc cherché à déterminer l'efficacité d'amendement, de soufre, de gypse, couplés à des méthodes culturales (alternance jachère-orge et cultures herbagères en continu) pour réduire la sodicité de résidus d'extraction sablo-loameux sodiques, calcaires, à la mine de charbon Highvale à l'ouest d'Edmonton en Alberta. Les amendements étaient utilisés en quantités chimiquement équivalentes pour, théoriquement, restaurer la fertilité des 35 cm supérieurs des résidus miniers. Les résidus, amendés ou non amendés, étaient recouverts d'une couche de 20 cm de terre de surface. Les paramètres chimiques du sol étaient mesurés pour établir l'efficacité des amendements dans la couche supérieure amendée (20 à 35 cm sous la surface), dans la couche inférieure amendée (40-55 cm) et dans la couche profonde non amendée (55-70 cm) des résidus miniers. Le soufre et le gypse se révélaient efficaces pour réduire la teneur en sodium des résidus. L'effet améliorateur sur le rapport d'absorption du sodium (SAR) se manifestait dans les 3 mois après le traitement au gypse, mais plus lentement dans celui au soufre. Les deux amendements abaissaient significativement le pourcentage de saturation et le pH, mais relevaient significativement les concentrations de NA + , CA 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + et S0 4 2-dans la couche amendée supérieure. Les techniques cultural...

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“…Nitrogen cycling (Fyles 1984) became better understood. Amendments such as gypsum and sulfur were used to reduce sodicity (Sansom et al 1998a(Sansom et al , 1998b. Fly ash chemistry and minerology were studied by Warren (1983).…”

Section: Soil Reclamation Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil science at the University of Alberta: a century of service to science and society

et al. 2020

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This paper highlights major activities and achievements in soil science by professors at the University of Alberta (U of A), which provide incredible benefits to society, provincially, nationally, and globally. Evolution of the soils profession in Alberta commenced in 1919 with the hiring of FA Wyatt who developed the Department of Soil Science (DSS) and initiated a soil survey program in Alberta. JD Newton joined the department in 1922, teaching and supporting soil surveys that led to a fertilizer program greatly benefitting agriculture. With time, opportunities and problems were encountered with utilization of soils. U of A soil scientists conducted inventories, conducted innovative research, developed superior management techniques, and through evolving education and extension, continuously helped bring improvements to how we utilized and managed soil resources. The DSS 100 year evolution is chronicled under the themes of pedology (including soil survey), soil fertility, soil sustainability (conservation, land reclamation, contaminant remediation) with embedded specialized studies within these themes.

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In situ amelioration of sodic minespoil with chemical amendments and crop management: II. Soil physical properties, soil moisture and plant growth

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Techniques for controlling soil crusting and its effect on corn emergence and production

Techniques for controlling soil crusting and its effect on corn emergence and production

In situ amelioration of sodic minespoil with chemical amendments and crop management. I. Soil chemical properties

Soil science at the University of Alberta: a century of service to science and society

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