In situ Acid Resistance of in vivo Formed White Spot Lesions

Iijima, Youichi; Takagi, Okiuji

doi:10.1159/000016613

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Finally, the interplay of erosion and abrasion on initial white spot lesions is not well understood, in particular with regard to in vivo situations where remineralization effects and the protective infl uence of the acquired pellicle or deposited salivary components should interfere with this complex pathology as has been indicated recently [Iijima and Takagi, 2000]. Therefore, further experiments are clearly warranted.…”

Section: Brushing Abrasion Of Initial Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profilometric and Microradiographic Studies on the Effects of Toothpaste and Acidic Gel Abrasivity on Sound and Demineralized Bovine Dental Enamel

et al. 2005

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The objective of this study was to assess the abrasive effects of toothpastes and acidic F gels on sound and demineralized enamel. Pairs of enamel specimens were cut from bovine incisors, embedded in epoxy resin and polished. An artificial subsurface lesion of 80–90 µm depth was created in one specimen from each pair. The samples were covered with adhesive tape, thereby exposing the enamel for abrasivity testing. All samples were divided into six groups of 15 and brushed with a slurry (1:3) of F gel or toothpaste and human saliva. Brushing with water (control) or with slurry was carried out (16,000 strokes) using a medium toothbrush (load 275 g) mounted in a brushing machine. Abrasion was evaluated using laser profilometry, and was about 50% less on sound than on demineralized enamel (p < 0.001). In the latter, brushing with water (0.09 ± 0.03 µm) or with fluoride-free gel (0.08 ± 0.03 µm) resulted in negligible wear. With a medium-abrasive paste (1.76 ± 0.85 µm) and an acidic F gel (2.48 ± 0.72 µm), brushing abrasion was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than with a low-abrasive paste (0.84 ± 0.38 µm). The greatest wear (16.6 ± 10.8 µm) was observed with high-abrasive paste (p < 0.001), and here transversal microradiography revealed a complete loss of the pseudointact surface after brushing. In vitro formed caries-like lesions can be abraded (by toothbrushing) more easily than sound enamel; hence, initial white spot lesions should preferably be brushed with oral hygiene products of low abrasivity.

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Section: Brushing Abrasion Of Initial Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profilometric and Microradiographic Studies on the Effects of Toothpaste and Acidic Gel Abrasivity on Sound and Demineralized Bovine Dental Enamel

et al. 2005

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“…Thin sections (about 90 µｍ) including the WS lesions were prepared and exposed to oral conditions for 2 weeks continuously (Iijima and Takagi, 2000).…”

Section: Effect Of Time For Remineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of white spot lesions with digital camera and remineralization therapy

Iijima

2008

Australian Dental Journal

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Background: In this paper, the characteristics of the early stage of dental caries are discussed and the methods we used to treat the early stage of dental caries to increase the number of caries‐free patients are presented. Studies from in vitro to in situ experiments and a clinical study were carried out to support clinical remineralization therapy.Methods and results: To clarify the effect of time for remineralization, the degree of remineralization was assessed at 2 days, 6 days, and 10 days after 2‐day demineralization in 0.01 M/L lactic acid buffer (pH 4.0 at 37°). The remineralization solution contained 3.0 mM/L Ca, 1.8 mM/L P, and 3 ppm fluoride adjusted to pH 7.0. A 10‐day continuous remineralization with a 3 ppm fluoride resulted in a high fluoride concentration. To evaluate mineral loss from sound tooth structure and white spot lesions, thin sections (about 90 μm) including white spots (WS) were prepared and exposed to oral conditions for 2 weeks continuously. The mineral loss from sound tooth structure was found to be twice that from WS. In another experiment during the remineralization period, enamel samples were immersed in three different bicarbonate solutions; 0.5, 5.0 and 50 mM/L for 30 minutes, two times per day. Both the bicarbonate and fluoride applied groups showed higher improvement in acid resistance and the amount of remaining mineral was almost two times higher than the controls (p < 0.01). In a clinical study we demonstrated remineralization in patients who followed professional mechanical tooth cleaning and fluoride prophylaxis paste. Using this regime, in patients with deciduous caries present at baseline, over 80 per cent of permanent teeth were caries free at the age of 12 years. In these studies the digital camera with CasMaTCH™ and an image analysis system showed several advantages for monitoring in de‐ and remineralization.Conclusions: White spot lesions, rather than intact tooth surfaces, can be mineralized through the daily clinical procedures described in this paper.

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“…In vivo arrested lesions submitted to in vitro demineralization procedures presented higher acid resistance than sound enamel [Koulourides and Cameron, 1980]. An in situ demineralization study of in vivo arrested lesions showed similar results [Iijima and Takagi, 2000]. Arrested enamel lesions from extracted teeth are more resistant to intraoral cariogenic challenge than the adjacent sound tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Acid Susceptibility of Arrested Enamel Lesions: In situ Study

Maltz

Scherer²,

Parolo³

et al. 2006

Caries Res

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Arrested lesions are more resistant to a new cariogenic challenge, but the degree of surface rehardening needed to achieve this is unknown. The aim of this in situ study was to analyze the acid susceptibilityof newly formed and arrested enamel lesions with known arrestment period and surface microhardness. Six individuals wore an oral appliance with human enamel blocks for 3 periods: (1) 21 days of demineralization due to plaque accumulation and cariogenic challenge, 4 blocks/person (nonfluoride dentifrice); (2) 75 days of arrestment, brushing with fluoride dentifrice, 2 blocks/person; (3) 21 days of demineralization, 5 blocks/person: 1 sound block, 2 demineralized blocks and 2 demineralized and arrested blocks (nonfluoride dentifrice). After period 1, all blocks showed a dull whitish surface characteristic of active, noncavitated lesions. After arrestment, the surfaces assumed a shiny and smooth aspect. The Knoop hardness number (KHN, mean ± SD) of the sound blocks was 307.6 ± 15.0. After period 1, microhardness decreased significantly to 162.6 ± 33.5 KHN (p < 0.001). The microhardness of subsequently arrested lesions (279.8 ± 23.1 KHN) was significantly greater than after demineralization, but lower than that of sound enamel. Arrested enamel did not show a decrease in microhardness when subjected to a new cariogenic challenge and after the same cariogenic challenge showed similar microhardness to sound enamel. The results showed that, although noncavitated lesions probably take years to reach microhardness levels like sound enamel, this does not imply that special care, in addition to the ones normally given to sound tooth surfaces, is necessary.

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In situ Acid Resistance of in vivo Formed White Spot Lesions

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

Profilometric and Microradiographic Studies on the Effects of Toothpaste and Acidic Gel Abrasivity on Sound and Demineralized Bovine Dental Enamel

Profilometric and Microradiographic Studies on the Effects of Toothpaste and Acidic Gel Abrasivity on Sound and Demineralized Bovine Dental Enamel

Early detection of white spot lesions with digital camera and remineralization therapy

Acid Susceptibility of Arrested Enamel Lesions: In situ Study

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