In Silico Drug Screening Based Development of Novel Formulations for Onychomycosis Management

Fatima, Mahak; Monawwar, Sadia; Mohapatra, Sradhanjali; Alex, Thomson Santosh; Ahmed, Abdul‐Rahman; Taleuzzaman, Mohamad; Ali, Asgar; Ansari, Mohammad Javed; Mirza, Mohd. Aamir; Iqbal, Zeenat

doi:10.3390/gels7040221

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It reveals the extent of particle coagulation occurring as a result of electrostatic repulsion. For formulating NPs, non-ionic surfactants are generally preferred as they limit toxicity and promote compatibility and stability converse to amphoteric or ionic surfactants [ 40 ]. The lyophilized nanoparticles showed a zeta potential of 14.44 ± 3.74 mV indicating the presence of chitosan on the surface ( Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Itraconazole and Difluorinated-Curcumin Containing Chitosan Nanoparticle Loaded Hydrogel for Amelioration of Onychomycosis

et al. 2022

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Onychomycosis is a nail infection caused by a fungus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, that is responsible for major nail infections. The best method suited for treating such infections generally includes a topical remedy. However, conventional oral or topical formulations are associated with various limitations. Therefore, a more efficient and compatible formulation is developed in this study. The primary objective of the current study is to formulate and evaluate chitosan nanoparticle-based hydrogel for ameliorating onychomycosis. The sole purpose of this research was to increase the permeation of the lipophilic drug itraconazole and difluorinated curcumin, and its synergistic antifungal activity was also evaluated for the first time. Both in vitro and ex vivo drug release evaluations confirmed the sustained release of both drugs from the hydrogel, which is a prerequisite for treating onychomycosis. The results overall highlighted the promising activity of a synergistic approach that could be implemented for the treatment of onychomycosis. The hydrogel-based formulation serves as an effective method of delivery of drugs across the layers of the skin, resulting from its hydrating characteristics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This kind of release is desirable in treating fungal infections as the causative agent gets deep-seated under the nail/skin. Thus, sustained release of the drug leads to their longer antifungal activity, thus causing complete eradication of the fungus [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Itraconazole and Difluorinated-Curcumin Containing Chitosan Nanoparticle Loaded Hydrogel for Amelioration of Onychomycosis

et al. 2022

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“…The concentration of the entrapped and unentrapped TEF (active constituents here) was estimated using a UV spectrophotometer (UV-1601/Shimadzu Corp, Kyoto, Japan), the total triterpene in TEF was quantified with respect to the standard marker actein at λmax 212 nm. Measurements were made in triplicates [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After centrifuging the mixture for 30 min at 3000 rpm, the supernatant was collected and passed through a membrane filter (pore size 0.45 μm). A UV spectrophotometer with a suitable dilution of samples was employed for analysis in triplicate [ 26 , 33 ]. Drug content (%) = TEF present in gel/Actual amount of TEF taken for gel × 100 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality by Design Assisted Optimization and Risk Assessment of Black Cohosh Loaded Ethosomal Gel for Menopause: Investigating Different Formulation and Process Variables

et al. 2023

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Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) (CR) is a popular herb and is medically lauded for ameliorating myriad symptoms associated with menopause. However, its pharmaceutical limitations and non-availability of a patient-compliant drug delivery approach have precluded its prevalent use. Henceforth, the current research premise is aimed at developing an ethosomal gel incorporating triterpene enriched fraction (TEF) obtained from CR and evaluating its effectiveness through the transdermal application. TEF-loaded ethosomes were formulated using solvent injection, optimized and characterised. The optimized ethosomes were then dispersed into a polymeric gel base to form ethosomal gel which was further compared with the conventional gel by in-vitro and ex-vivo experiments. Here, the quality by design (QbD) approach was exploited for the optimization and development of ethosomal gel. The elements of QbD comprising initial risk assessment, design of experimentation (DoE), and model validation for the development of formulation have all been described in detail. The optimized ethosomes (F03) showed a nanometric size range, negative zeta potential and good entrapment. The in vitro release profile of gel revealed a burst release pattern following the Korsmeyer Peppas model having Fickian diffusion. The transdermal flux of ethosomal gel was observed to be more than that of conventional gel. Texture analysis and rheological characterization of the gel, revealed good strength showing shear thinning and pseudoplastic behaviour. The confocal microscope investigation revealed the deeper skin permeation of ethosomal gel than conventional gel. This result was further strengthened by DSC, IR and histological assessment of the animal skin (Wistar rat), treated with the optimized formulation. Conclusively, the implementation of QbD in the formulation resulted in a better understanding of the process and the product. It aids in the reduction of product variability and defects, hence improving product development efficiencies. Additionally, the ethosomal gel was found to be a more effective and successful carrier for TEF than the conventional gel through the transdermal route. Moreover, this demands an appropriate animal study, which is underway, for a stronger outcome.

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“…These products have quantifiable restorative effects on the skin and hair and are utilized for the treatment of different conditions, such as damaged hair, wrinkles, photoaging, skin dryness, light spots, hyperpigmentation, etc. Acting as a bridge between drugs and beauty care products, they promise an improvement in appearance [ 10 , 11 ]. Presently, cosmeceuticals are considered one of the fastest-growing segments of the personal care industry, and the market for individual consideration is massively expanding [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology in Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals—A Review of Latest Advancements

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Mohapatra

Mishra

et al. 2022

Gels

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Nanotechnology has the potential to generate advancements and innovations in formulations and delivery systems. This fast-developing technology has been widely exploited for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Today, cosmetic formulations incorporating nanotechnology are a relatively new yet very promising and highly researched area. The application of nanotechnology in cosmetics has been shown to overcome the drawbacks associated with traditional cosmetics and also to add more useful features to a formulation. Nanocosmetics and nanocosmeceuticals have been extensively explored for skin, hair, nails, lips, and teeth, and the inclusion of nanomaterials has been found to improve product efficacy and consumer satisfaction. This is leading to the replacement of many traditional cosmeceuticals with nanocosmeceuticals. However, nanotoxicological studies on nanocosmeceuticals have raised concerns in terms of health hazards due to their potential skin penetration, resulting in toxic effects. This review summarizes various nanotechnology-based approaches being utilized in the delivery of cosmetics as well as cosmeceutical products, along with relevant patents. It outlines their benefits, as well as potential health and environmental risks. Further, it highlights the regulatory status of cosmeceuticals and analyzes the different regulatory guidelines in India, Europe, and the USA and discusses the different guidelines and recommendations issued by various regulatory authorities. Finally, this article seeks to provide an overview of nanocosmetics and nanocosmeceuticals and their applications in cosmetic industries, which may help consumers and regulators to gain awareness about the benefits as well as the toxicity related to the continuous and long-term uses of these products, thus encouraging their judicious use.

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In Silico Drug Screening Based Development of Novel Formulations for Onychomycosis Management

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Itraconazole and Difluorinated-Curcumin Containing Chitosan Nanoparticle Loaded Hydrogel for Amelioration of Onychomycosis

Itraconazole and Difluorinated-Curcumin Containing Chitosan Nanoparticle Loaded Hydrogel for Amelioration of Onychomycosis

Quality by Design Assisted Optimization and Risk Assessment of Black Cohosh Loaded Ethosomal Gel for Menopause: Investigating Different Formulation and Process Variables

Nanotechnology in Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals—A Review of Latest Advancements

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