In‐silico and in‐vitro testing of an implantable superstrate loaded biocompatible antenna for MICS band applications

Abstract

A superstrate loaded body implantable microstrip patch antenna working on Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) (402‐405 MHz) band for biotelemetry applications is proposed. A 0.64‐mm thick high‐dielectric material Rogers RO Duroid 3010 is used both as substrate and superstrate of dielectric constant 10.2. Shorting pin is used to make compact antenna with footprint of 13.3 × 14.6 mm2. Appreciable bandwidth of 40% is covered by antenna with return loss of −30.95. In‐silico testing inside skin, brain and three layered tissue models is done to test functionality of antenna in homogeneous as well as inhomogeneous tissue environment. For validation of results the fabricated antenna is successfully tested inside in‐vitro solution of homogeneous skin mimicking liquid.

Reduced-Size Antenna for Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker

“…Table 1 shows the dimensions used for the length and width of radiating patch. The proposed antenna's radiating patch was made up of copper with a thickness of 0.035 mm, and for the substrate, Rogers RT/Duroid 3010 with a thickness of 0.25 mm, permittivity of 10.20, and a loss tangent of 0.0023 was used (Singh & Kaur, 2021;Salama et al, 2020). The high permittivity of the Rogers RT/Duroid 3010 enables the miniaturization of the antenna by decreasing the antenna losses and reducing the effective wavelength (Feng et al, 2022).…”

Small Footprint Biocompatible Antenna for Implantable Devices: Design, In-Silico, In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo Testing

“…In the recent literature, an antenna is covered with a biocompatible layer on a single side, which is dangerous. To properly secure human tissues from metal contacts, the antenna must be covered with superstrate layers on both sides, as in Singh and Kaur 2021a ; Singh and Kaur 2021b ). Scar tissue in the form of a capsule is formed around an implant due to an immune response against a foreign body (implantable device), known as capsular contraction.…”