Rotavirus gastroenteritis is one of the leading causes
of pediatric
morbidity and mortality worldwide in infants and under-five populations.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended global incorporation
of the rotavirus vaccine in national immunization programs to alleviate
the burden of the disease. Implementation of the rotavirus vaccination
in certain regions of the world brought about a significant and consistent
reduction of rotavirus-associated hospitalizations. However, the efficacy
of licensed vaccines remains suboptimal in low-income countries where
the incidences of rotavirus gastroenteritis continue to happen unabated.
The problem of low efficacy of currently licensed oral rotavirus vaccines
in low-income countries necessitates continuous exploration, design,
and development of new rotavirus vaccines. Traditional vaccine development
is a complex, expensive, labor-intensive, and time-consuming process.
Reverse vaccinology essentially utilizes the genome and proteome information
on pathogens and has opened new avenues for in-silico multiepitope
vaccine design for a plethora of pathogens, promising time reduction
in the complete vaccine development pipeline by complementing the
traditional vaccinology approach. A substantial number of reviews
on licensed rotavirus vaccines and those under evaluation are already
available in the literature. However, a collective account of rotavirus
in-silico vaccines is lacking in the literature, and such an account
may further fuel the interest of researchers to use reverse vaccinology
to expedite the vaccine development process. Therefore, the main focus
of this review is to summarize the research endeavors undertaken for
the design and development of rotavirus vaccines by the reverse vaccinology
approach utilizing the tools of immunoinformatics.