“…Changes in diet, whether meal‐to‐meal (Walker et al ., 2011), seasonal (Smits et al ., 2017), or as a product of long‐term co‐evolution (De Filippo et al ., 2010), can have a profound impact on the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, and by consequence, on the health of the human host (Graf et al ., 2015; Porter and Martens, 2017; Makki et al ., 2018; Glowacki and Martens, 2020). Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the composition of the microbiota (typically a decrease in microbial diversity), is linked with the development of type 2 diabetes (Kootte et al ., 2012), cardiovascular diseases (Kasselman et al ., 2018), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Sekirov et al ., 2010), although whether loss of microbial diversity is the cause or consequence of these diseases is unclear.…”