2017
DOI: 10.18061/emr.v12i1-2.5410
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In Search of the Golden Age Hip-Hop Sound (1986–1996)

Abstract: The notion of a musical repertoire's "sound" is frequently evoked in journalism and scholarship, but what parameters comprise such a sound? This question is addressed through a statistically-driven corpus analysis of hip-hop music released during the genre's Golden Age era. The first part of the paper presents a methodology for developing, transcribing, and analyzing a corpus of 100 hip-hop tracks released during the Golden Age. Eight categories of aurally salient musical and production parameters are analyzed… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(4 citation statements)
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References 5 publications
(7 reference statements)
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“… 24 Evidence supporting this observation appears in Condit-Schultz (2016) and Duinker and Martin (2017). The downward trends found in these publications are reflected in mean tempo values for corpora of songs; of course, many hip-hop songs with outlying tempos were, and still are, produced.…”
mentioning
confidence: 86%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“… 24 Evidence supporting this observation appears in Condit-Schultz (2016) and Duinker and Martin (2017). The downward trends found in these publications are reflected in mean tempo values for corpora of songs; of course, many hip-hop songs with outlying tempos were, and still are, produced.…”
mentioning
confidence: 86%
“… 36 Throughout hip-hop's Golden Age, Duinker and Martin (2017) observed a general move away from strophic song forms toward verse–hook forms.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…der Beats auswirken und zur Entstehung neuer musikalisch-ästhetischer Konventionen führen. So ist beispielsweise zu beobachten, dass in einigen Subgenres die für viele frühe Beats typische reihende Struktur durch "Popsong-Strukturen" (Elflein, 2009, S. 190-191) ersetzt oder zumindest ergänzt wird (Duinker & Martin, 2017).…”
Section: Entwicklung Des Beatmakingunclassified
“…A third study now joins them: Duinker & Martin's (2017) excellent examination of how musical, vocal, and production parameters factor into judgments of hip-hop 'style' or 'sound'. What all of these works have in common is a focus on the musical, rhythmic, semantic, or sonic details of hip-hop; to empirically-oriented music scholars and hiphop aficionados such as myself, this is a most welcome development.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%