In Relation to Morbidity, Mortality, and Hospital Stay, Determine the Predictive Value of Injury Severity Scores in Road Traffic Accidents

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to calculate the predictive value of injury severity score in relation to morbidity; mortality and hospital stay of patients following road traffic accidents. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study Place and Duration: Study was conducted at the department of General Surgery, Saidu Teaching hospital Swat, Jinnah Hospital Lahore and Bakhtawar Amin Memorial Trust Hospital Multan for duration six months from June 2020 to December 2020. Methods: Total eighty patients of both genders were presented in this study. Patients with ages 18-70 years had injury because of road traffic accidents were included. Informed written consent was taken from all the patients for detailed demographics included age, sex, body mass index and type of injury. Patients were admitted in emergency ward for initial treatment. Outcomes were calculated in terms of predictive value of injury severity score in relation to morbidity, mortality and hospital stay of patients. Abbreviated injury scale (AIS) score was used to analyze severity score. SPSS 20.0 version was used to analyze complete data. Results: Majority of the patients 55 (68.8%) were males and 25 (31.2%) were females. Mean age of the patients was 30.17±3.55 years with mean BMI 24.13±6.71 kg/m2. 45 (56.3%) patients were literate and 60 (75%) cases were from urban areas. Motorcycle was the most common cause of trauma found in 48 (60%) patients followed by car accidents in 18 (22.5%) and 14 (17.5%) trauma were because of cycle or other traffic. Legs and arms fractures were the most common injuries found in 32 (40%) and 25 (31.3%) followed by head fractures in 23 (28.8%) cases. Mean injury severity score was 54.07±3.64. Mean hospital stay was 3.12±4.37 days. Rate of mortality was high found in 19 (23.8%) cases. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the injury severity score among traumatic patients were significantly high with rate of mortality and limb fractures were the most common injury found. Injury severity score is becoming more widely accepted as a predictor of mortality. Keywords: Road Traffic Accident, Injury Severity Score, Mortality, Limb Fracture