In planta expression of a protein encoded by the extrachromosomal DNA of a phytoplasma and related to geminivirus replication proteins The GenBank accession number for EcOYW1 is AB010426.

Nishigawa, Hisashi; Miyata, Sumiko; Oshima, Kenro; Sawayanagi, Toshimi; Komoto, Akihiro; Kuboyama, Tetsuji; Matsuda, Iwao; Tsuchizaki, Tsuneo; Namba, Susumu

doi:10.1099/00221287-147-2-507

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The OY-M phytoplasma genome encodes two tmk genes, tmk-a and tmk-b (50), where multiple copies of tmk-a exist in PMUs (9) but only tmk-b has thymidylate kinase activity (50). One paralog family containing two ORFs (CAM11639 and CAM11700) was similar to the tmk-a gene from OY-M and AY-WB but also to orthopoxviruses (6), and this supports a link between viruses and phytoplasma extrachromosomal DNA (42,55,57,58,67,84).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genome Analysis of “CandidatusPhytoplasma australiense” (Subgrouptuf-Australia I;rp-A) and “Ca. Phytoplasma asteris” Strains OY-M and AY-WB

et al. 2008

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The chromosome sequence of “Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense” (subgroup tuf-Australia I; rp-A), associated with dieback in papaya, Australian grapevine yellows in grapevine, and several other important plant diseases, was determined. The circular chromosome is represented by 879,324 nucleotides, a GC content of 27%, and 839 protein-coding genes. Five hundred two of these protein-coding genes were functionally assigned, while 337 genes were hypothetical proteins with unknown function. Potential mobile units (PMUs) containing clusters of DNA repeats comprised 12.1% of the genome. These PMUs encoded genes involved in DNA replication, repair, and recombination; nucleotide transport and metabolism; translation; and ribosomal structure. Elements with similarities to phage integrases found in these mobile units were difficult to classify, as they were similar to both insertion sequences and bacteriophages. Comparative analysis of “Ca. Phytoplasma australiense” with “Ca. Phytoplasma asteris” strains OY-M and AY-WB showed that the gene order was more conserved between the closely related “Ca. Phytoplasma asteris” strains than to “Ca. Phytoplasma australiense.” Differences observed between “Ca. Phytoplasma australiense” and “Ca. Phytoplasma asteris” strains included the chromosome size (18,693 bp larger than OY-M), a larger number of genes with assigned function, and hypothetical proteins with unknown function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genome Analysis of “CandidatusPhytoplasma australiense” (Subgrouptuf-Australia I;rp-A) and “Ca. Phytoplasma asteris” Strains OY-M and AY-WB

et al. 2008

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“…Each AY-WB plasmid contains two genes involved in rolling-circle amplification and two to six ORFs with unknown function, several of which were predicted to target the AY-WB membrane, suggesting that the plasmids are involved in AY-WB association with the plant and insect hosts. Indeed, the RepA proteins of OY-M phytoplasmas were detected in infected plants (71), indicating that the plasmid genes are expressed during infection of the plant. Furthermore, spontaneous OY-M mutants that lack ORFs on a plasmid and are not insect transmissible were isolated (72).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living with Genome Instability: the Adaptation of Phytoplasmas to Diverse Environments of Their Insect and Plant Hosts

Bai

Zhang

Ewing³

et al. 2006

J Bacteriol

339

442

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Phytoplasmas ("CandidatusPhytoplasmaThe phylogenetic tree of mollicutes is composed of two major clades that diverged early in evolution (51). One clade contains the orders Acholeplasmatales and Anaeroplasmatales (AAA clade mollicutes), and the other clade contains the orders Mycoplasmatales and Entomoplasmatales (SEM clade mollicutes) (9). Phytoplasmas, formerly known as mycoplasma-like organisms of plants, form a monophyletic group in the order Acholeplasmatales (51) and were recently assigned to a novel genus, "Candidatus Phytoplasma" (41). Approximately 20 phytoplasma phylogenetic groups have been proposed based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and new branches are continuously being discovered (69,85). Members of the order Acholeplasmatales are distinct from other mollicutes in several ways. For instance, whereas most mollicutes use UGA as a tryptophan codon instead of a stop codon, a feature they share with mitochondria, the acholeplasmas and phytoplasmas retained UGA as a stop codon (80).

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“…DNA was extracted from plants with welldeveloped symptoms. Since phytoplasmas are localized in the phloem, the vascular bundle tissue was excised aseptically from the stems, and the midribs were collected from the leaves, as described by Nishigawa et al (2001). Extraction of EC-DNA from phytoplasma-infected plants has been described previously (Lee & Davis, 1983 ;Denes & Sinha, 1991).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous work, we isolated and characterized two different classes of ECDNAs from OY phytoplasma. One class of EC-DNA, which is 7 kbp in length and has a rep gene similar to that of the geminiviruses, has been shown to exist only in the OY-W line (EcOYW1) and not in the OY-M line (Nishigawa et al, 2001). Another class of EC-DNA, which is 4 kbp in size and has a rep gene similar to that of pLS1-like plasmids, has been isolated from the OY-W (pOYW) (Kuboyama et al, 1998 ;Oshima et al, 2001a) and OY-M (pOYM) (H. Nishigawa and others, unpublished) lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of intermolecular recombination between extrachromosomal DNAs in phytoplasma: a trigger for the biological diversity of phytoplasma? b bThe GenBank accession numbers for EcOYW and EcOYM are AB076262 and AB076263, respectively.

et al. 2002

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In planta expression of a protein encoded by the extrachromosomal DNA of a phytoplasma and related to geminivirus replication proteins The GenBank accession number for EcOYW1 is AB010426.

Cited by 39 publications

References 28 publications

Comparative Genome Analysis of “CandidatusPhytoplasma australiense” (Subgrouptuf-Australia I;rp-A) and “Ca. Phytoplasma asteris” Strains OY-M and AY-WB

Comparative Genome Analysis of “CandidatusPhytoplasma australiense” (Subgrouptuf-Australia I;rp-A) and “Ca. Phytoplasma asteris” Strains OY-M and AY-WB

Living with Genome Instability: the Adaptation of Phytoplasmas to Diverse Environments of Their Insect and Plant Hosts

Evidence of intermolecular recombination between extrachromosomal DNAs in phytoplasma: a trigger for the biological diversity of phytoplasma? b bThe GenBank accession numbers for EcOYW and EcOYM are AB076262 and AB076263, respectively.

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