In-Plane Shake-Table Testing of GFRP-Strengthened Concrete Masonry Walls

Turek, Martin; Ventura, Carlos E.; Kuan, Steven

doi:10.1193/1.2429564

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Results showed two failure modes depending on the height-to-thickness ratio of the walls and the ground motion intensity: (1) overturning of the wall as a rigid body and (2) partial collapse of upper part of the wall. More recently, experimental out-of-plane bending studies have been focused on unreinforced masonry (URM) walls [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and few on rammed earth walls, 28,29 leaving adobe walls aside. With a numerical approach, Tarque et al 11 developed fragility curves for adobe buildings in Peru, adopting the displacement-based analytical models proposed by Doherty et al 30 and Griffith et al 31,32 for the out-of-plane response of URM walls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out‐of‐plane shaking table tests of full‐scale historic adobe corner walls retrofitted with timber elements

Reyes

Galvis

Liu

et al. 2019

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Summary Historic adobe structures pose a high seismic risk mainly because of the poor out‐of‐plane bending response of their walls that may produce fatalities and significant economic, cultural, and heritage losses. In this paper, we propose a retrofitting technique that increases the wall strength for both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane directions. This technique consists of vertical and horizontal timber elements symmetrically installed on each face of the wall to form a confining wood frame, supplemented with vertical tensors that pre‐compress the wall. This study evaluates the performance of this retrofitting technique with a two‐set experimental program on full‐scale historic adobe walls. On the first set, four specimens were subjected to a static overturning test with boundary conditions representing the confinement effect at both ends by orthogonal walls. On the second set, three full‐scale specimens, one unretrofitted and two retrofitted, were subjected to four ground motion records on a shaking table to assess the out‐of‐plane dynamic behavior of typical corner walls. The unretrofitted specimen collapsed during the second motion (peak ground acceleration [PGA] = 0.39 g), while both retrofitted walls survived all four motions (maximum PGA of 0.75 g) proving the high effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting. The addition of base anchors as a variation of the retrofitting technique significantly reduced the rocking effects and the residual drifts of the system, thus improving its overall seismic performance. Further research is needed to develop guidelines for seismic retrofit of heritage buildings including multistory full‐scale tests of specimens with various types of openings and retrofitting strategies that minimize their architectural impact.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out‐of‐plane shaking table tests of full‐scale historic adobe corner walls retrofitted with timber elements

Reyes

Galvis

Liu

et al. 2019

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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“…One remedial measure is to reinforce the brick construction using stiffeners composed of steel reinforced concrete grout or fibre reinforced polymer sheets. This could considerably improve the strength of the construction against earthquake loading (1,15,16). However, the problem lies on economical aspect.…”

Section: Structural Advantages Of Proposed Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of coconut fibre reinforced concrete and coconut-fibre ropes for seismic-resistant construction

Ali¹

2016

Mater. construcc.

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Earthquake-resistant and economical housing is the most desirable need in rural areas of developing countries. These regions often suffer significant loss of life during a seismic event. To enable an efficient and cost-effective solution, a new concept of construction, i.e. a wallette of interlocking blocks with movability at the interface and rope reinforcement, is investigated. The novel interlocking block is made of coconut fibre reinforced concrete (CFRC). The reason for using coconut fibre is their highest toughness amongst natural fibres. This paper describes the in-plane behaviour of the interlocking wallette under earthquake loadings. The wallette response is measured in terms of induced acceleration, block uplift, top maximum relative displacement and rope tension. The applied earthquake loadings cannot produce any damage in the structure, i.e. blocks and/or ropes. The response of the wallette is explained in detail along with correlation of materials aspect with structural behaviour. RESUMEN: Uso de hormigón reforzado con fibras de coco para construcciones sismo resistentes.En las zonas rurales de los países en desarrollo, entre las características principales que deben reunir las viviendas es que sean tanto económicas como sismoresistentes, ya que en estas zonas la pérdida de vidas humanas debido a los terremotos es aun elevada. A fin de hallar una solución que cumple con estos requisitos de manera técnica y económicamente efectiva, se ha investigado un nuevo concepto constructivo: un murete de bloques conjugados con movilidad en el interfaz y reforzado con cuerda. Este novedoso bloque conjugable está realizado en hormigón reforzado con fibra de coco (CFRC), elegida por su alta tenacidad, la mayor de entre las fibras naturales. El artículo describe el comportamiento dentro del plano del murete conjugado frente a las cargas sísmicas. La respuesta de esta estructura se ha medido en función de la aceleración inducida, el levantamiento de los bloques, el desplazamiento relativo máximo y la tensión de las cuerdas, determinándose que ni los bloques ni las cuerdas han resultado dañados por las cargas sísmicas aplicadas. La respuesta del murete se describe en detalle, relacionando las propiedades de los materiales con su comportamiento estructural.

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“…The FRP strengthening improved the resistance to cracking and therefore improved the dynamic lateral resistance of the walls. Turek et al [2007] examined the dynamic response of masonry walls made of high strength concrete blocks. The results of this experimental study further strengthen the observation that the response is strongly affected by the strength ratio dictated by the high strength masonry units and the low strength mortar joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2012

J. Mech. Mater. Struct.

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A continuum-based sequential multiscale model is presented for application to nanofilms and nanowires with anisotropic surfaces. The surface effect is accounted for via the inclusion of surface energy due to surface stress and surface strain in the internal energy. For anisotropic surfaces such as a <110> surface, a linear surface elasticity model is used instead of the isotropic surface elasticity model proposed by Gurtin and Murdoch. A molecular dynamics simulation is performed in order to calculate initial surface stress and surface elastic tensor. Equilibrium strain and size-dependent elasticity are estimated by the proposed continuum model. 613 614 WONBAE KIM, SEUNG YUN RHEE AND MAENGHYO CHO MOLECULAR DYNAMICS MODELS FOR THE LINEAR ELASTICITY OF NANOFILMS AND NANOWIRES 617where matrices B m , B b , and B s represent the relationships between nodal displacement and membrane, bending, and transverse shear strains, as follows:The paper studies the dynamic behavior of autoclave aerated concrete (AAC) masonry walls externally strengthened with composite materials and subjected to in-plane dynamic loads. The study combines experimental, analytical and numerical methodologies, presents the results of two types of dynamic tests, and uses them for comparison with a finite element approach that is based on specially tailored high-order finite elements. The first dynamic test focuses on the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the patched wall. The second set of tests focuses on the dynamic response of the wall to in-plane base excitation. The analysis uses the specially tailored finite elements, combines them with conventional elements, and compares the results with the experiments. The discussion supports the validation of the model and throws light on a range of phenomena that characterize the dynamic behavior of the strengthened wall. These phenomena range from the global in-plane to out-of-plane coupling to the localized effects at the strengthened layer level.A compact form for the static Green's function for symmetric loading of an elastic sphere is derived. The expression captures the singularity in closed form using standard functions and quickly convergent series.The ballistic performance of equi-mass plates made from (i) stainless steel (SS); (ii) carbon fibre/epoxy (CF) laminate and (iii) a hybrid plate of both materials has been characterised for a spherical steel projectile. The hybrid plate was orientated with steel on the impact face (SSCF) and on the distal face (CFSS). The penetration velocity (V 50 ) was highest for the SS plate and lowest for the CF plate. A series of double impact tests were performed, with an initial velocity V I and a subsequent velocity V II at the same impact site. An interaction diagram in (V I , V II ) space was constructed to delineate penetration from survival under both impacts. The degree of interaction between the two impact events was greater for the CFSS plate than for the SSCF plate, implying that the distal face has the major effect upon the degree of interacti...

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In-Plane Shake-Table Testing of GFRP-Strengthened Concrete Masonry Walls

Cited by 25 publications

References 4 publications

Out‐of‐plane shaking table tests of full‐scale historic adobe corner walls retrofitted with timber elements

Out‐of‐plane shaking table tests of full‐scale historic adobe corner walls retrofitted with timber elements

Use of coconut fibre reinforced concrete and coconut-fibre ropes for seismic-resistant construction

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