In ovo exposure to organophosphorous flame retardants: survival, development, neurochemical, and behavioral changes in white leghorn chickens

Bradley, Mark; Rutkiewicz, Jennifer; Mittal, Krittika; Fernie, Kim J.; Basu, Niladri

doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2015.08.003

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…These authors also indicate that developmental and acute behavioral effects of TMPP are distinct from those of o-TCP (LOEC acute effects 1.2 μM, developmental effects 4 μM). In a recent in ovo study, no definitive behavioral or neurochemical changes in TMPP-treated chicks (air cell egg injections up to 1000 ng/g per egg) were observed (Bradley et al, 2015). In vitro, it has been shown that o-TCP can inhibit neurite outgrowth in neuroblastoma cells (LOECs ≥ 2 μM) (Flaskos et al, 1998;Henschler et al, 1992;Li and Casida, 1998) and primary cultured mouse embryonic cortical neurons (LOEC 10 μM) (Hausherr et al, 2014).…”

Section: Dimethyl Methylphosphonate (Dmmp Cas Nr 756-79-6)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…While no developmental neurotoxicity (based on neurobehavioral tests) is observed in rats exposed up to 150 mg/kg/d (GD 10 to weaning) (Moser et al, 2015), overt neurotoxic effects like leg and wing weakness are observed in chickens orally exposed for five days to N1200 mg/kg (Ulsamer et al, 1980). In a recent in ovo study, chickens derived from eggs exposed to TDCIPP at 100 ng/g (egg injections at incubation day 0) achieved lower maximum velocity in the open field test than controls (Bradley et al, 2015). Moreover, chickens derived from eggs exposed to 1000 ng/g showed reduced density and lower number of degenerate Purkinje cells, possibly indicating disruption of neurodevelopment (Bradley et al, 2015).…”

Section: Tris-(13-dichloropropyl) Phosphate (Tdcipp Cas Nr 13674-87-8)mentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neurotoxicity and risk assessment of brominated and alternative flame retardants

Hendriks

Westerink

2015

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Section: Dimethyl Methylphosphonate (Dmmp Cas Nr 756-79-6)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Tris-(13-dichloropropyl) Phosphate (Tdcipp Cas Nr 13674-87-8)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Neurotoxicity and risk assessment of brominated and alternative flame retardants

Hendriks

Westerink

2015

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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“…Although mostly used for human studies so far, flat- and roundworms could be easily used for environmental studies. There is also growing interest in using avian models, particularly the use of in ovo egg injection methods in which developmental exposures can be carefully controlled and linked with a range of structural and functional outcomes in the hatchling and later life stages [46, 47].…”

Section: Developmental Eco-neurotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An ecotoxicological view on neurotoxicity assessment

et al. 2018

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The numbers of potential neurotoxicants in the environment are raising and pose a great risk for humans and the environment. Currently neurotoxicity assessment is mostly performed to predict and prevent harm to human populations. Despite all the efforts invested in the last years in developing novel in vitro or in silico test systems, in vivo tests with rodents are still the only accepted test for neurotoxicity risk assessment in Europe. Despite an increasing number of reports of species showing altered behaviour, neurotoxicity assessment for species in the environment is not required and therefore mostly not performed. Considering the increasing numbers of environmental contaminants with potential neurotoxic potential, eco-neurotoxicity should be also considered in risk assessment. In order to do so novel test systems are needed that can cope with species differences within ecosystems. In the field, online-biomonitoring systems using behavioural information could be used to detect neurotoxic effects and effect-directed analyses could be applied to identify the neurotoxicants causing the effect. Additionally, toxic pressure calculations in combination with mixture modelling could use environmental chemical monitoring data to predict adverse effects and prioritize pollutants for laboratory testing. Cheminformatics based on computational toxicological data from in vitro and in vivo studies could help to identify potential neurotoxicants. An array of in vitro assays covering different modes of action could be applied to screen compounds for neurotoxicity. The selection of in vitro assays could be guided by AOPs relevant for eco-neurotoxicity. In order to be able to perform risk assessment for eco-neurotoxicity, methods need to focus on the most sensitive species in an ecosystem. A test battery using species from different trophic levels might be the best approach. To implement eco-neurotoxicity assessment into European risk assessment, cheminformatics and in vitro screening tests could be used as first approach to identify eco-neurotoxic pollutants. In a second step, a small species test battery could be applied to assess the risks of ecosystems.

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“…Organophosphphorus flame retardants disrupt normal development. TDCPP have been reported to affect embryonic survival, behavior (righting reflex) and Purkinje cell development in white leghorn chicken (Bradley et al, 2015). Exposure of chicken embryo to 45 ug/g TDCPP resulted in shorter head-to-bill lengths, decreased body weight, and smaller gallbladders, while 7.64 ug/g lowered free thyroxine (T4) levels in the blood (Farhat et al, 2013).…”

Section: 21 Mechanisms Of Opfr-induced Developmental Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorus Flame Retardants (OPFR): Neurotoxicity

Abou‐Donia

Salama²,

El‐Gamal³

et al. 2016

JEHS

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Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are used as additives in plasticizers, foams, hydraulic fluids, anti-foam agents, and coatings for electronic components/devices to inhibit flames. These chemicals were developed and used as flame retardants because of environmental and health concerns of previously used brominated and chlorinated flame retardants (FRs). OPCFRs are divided into five main groups: organophosphates, organophosphonates, organophosphinates, organoposphine oxide, and organophosphites. Most of OPFRs are organophosphate esters that are further classified into the following five groups: 1. Aliphatic, 2. Brominated aliphatic, 3. Chlorinated aliphatic, 4. Aromatic-aliphatic, and 5. Aromatic phosphates. These OPFRs have the following neurotoxic actions: 1. Cholinergic Neurotoxicity, 2. Organophosphate-Induced Delayed Neurotoxicity (OPIDN), and 3. Organophosphate-Induced Chronic Neurotoxicity (OPICN) in addition to being endocrine disruptors. OPFRs have very low cholinergic neurotoxicity and this effect does not pose significant health hazards to adults or children. On the other hand, some OPFRs have shown to cause OPIDN that is a delayed central-peripheral axonopathy, characterized by neuronal cell death of the lower brain regions, spinal cord and peripheral nervous systems, leading to long-term neuronal injury. OPICN is characterized by neuronal cell death in the cortex, hippocampus campus and cerebellum and spinal cord. Finally, OPCFRs act as endocrine disrupters, that affect many functions of the body such thyroid glands and reproductive functions, and may be involved in the development of diabetes and cancer. Residues of these OPCFRs are widespread in the environment, home and workplaces. These chemicals adversely affect human health, especially for vulnerable population such as the elderly, pregnant women, fetuses, and children. Because some OPFRs cause neuronal cell death in the brain and spinal cord that do not repair as well as act as endocrine disrupters they may lead to permanent functional deficits such obesity, memory impairment, decreased motor skill and even more serious diseases such as diabetes and cancer. Because recent reports have accredited FRs for significant decrease in building fires, it is important to balance the risk and benefits of FRs and to use only the safest available FRs including OPFRs.

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In ovo exposure to organophosphorous flame retardants: survival, development, neurochemical, and behavioral changes in white leghorn chickens

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Neurotoxicity and risk assessment of brominated and alternative flame retardants

Neurotoxicity and risk assessment of brominated and alternative flame retardants

An ecotoxicological view on neurotoxicity assessment

Organophosphorus Flame Retardants (OPFR): Neurotoxicity

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