In ovo applications in poultry: A review

Abstract

The various methods employed for the in ovo administration of different materials for promoting the health and productivity of poultry are discussed in this review article. The amnion has proven to be an effective site for injection and the timing of in ovo injection has commonly occurred at transfer. However, the volumes and dosages or concentrations of the materials administered vary depending on bird type, egg size, timing and site of injection, incubation system and regimen, and the type of material. Both manual and automated injections have been shown to be effective. Nevertheless, commercial application mandates automation. Materials described in the literature over the past 20 years or more for in ovo use in avian species include vaccines, drugs, hormones, competitive exclusion cultures and prebiotics, and supplemental nutrients. Vaccines approved for in ovo delivery include those for Marek's disease, infectious bursal disease, fowl pox, Newcastle disease, and coccidiosis. Some of the materials listed above have been shown to be viable candidates for enhancing immunity and for promoting embryonic and posthatch development. Several reports have indicated that probiotics may be effectively used to fight intestinal bacterial infections, and folic aid, as well as egg white protein and various amino acids, including L-arginine, L-lysine, L-histidine, HMB, and threonine alone or in combination, have been shown to benefit embryonic development or posthatch performance. Furthermore, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, vitamins C and E, and thyme and savory have the potential to enhance immunity, carbohydrates can be used to increase tissue glycogen stores, and creatine can be used to promote muscle growth. Trace minerals and vitamin D3 have shown potential to improve bone strength, and potassium chloride may be an effective alternative electrolyte in vaccine diluent. The in ovo application of these and other materials will continue to expand and provide further benefits to the poultry industry.

Effects of In-Ovo Injection of Manganese on Some Organ Weights and Lengths in Quail Hatching Eggs

“…In-ovo injection is applied in order to provide positive effects on hatchability, chick quality and chick performance by giving various substances to amniotic fluid during the development of the embryo (Uni and Ferket 2004;Abdulqader et al 2017;Açıkgöz and Kırkpınar 2017;Peebles 2018). In-ovo application was first applied to turkey eggs for vaccination against Marek's disease by Sharma and Burmester (1982).…”

Nouvelles stratégies alimentaires précoces au service de la production avicole

“…Il faut donc agir au plus tôt sur la programmation métabolique des embryons pour optimiser leurs performances ultérieures. Des stratégies nutritionnelles innovantes telles que l'alimentation in ovo par injection de nutriments directement dans l'oeuf ont été récemment développées pour assurer un approvisionnement en nutriments facilement disponibles afin de soutenir et accélérer la maturation du tube digestif, optimiser le développement et la croissance du poussin et donc obtenir des poussins de meilleure qualité (Kadam et al, 2013 ;Roto et al, 2016 ;Gao et al, 2017 ;Ghanaatparast-Rashti et al, 2018 ;Peebles, 2018) (figure 3). La supplémentation de l'oeuf avec des composés de différentes natures vise donc à assurer un apport de nutriment supplémentaire pour que les poussins puissent faire face aux délais post-éclosion qui peuvent atteindre jusqu'à 48-72h et d'autre part à moduler des fonctions majeures.…”

“…L'efficacité des vitamines C, E, D3 et B9 (acide folique) sur la santé et le développement de l'embryon a été rapportée par plusieurs équipes dans la littérature (Peebles, 2018). Comme nous l'avons montré précédemment, l'embryon puise son énergie en grande partie en utilisant le vitellus.…”

“…Cette utilisation est le résultat de processus oxydatifs qui produisent des radicaux libres qui conduisent entre autres à la dégradation des acides gras polyinsaturés des membranes cellulaires. Les vitamines, telles que la vitamine E ou la vitamine C, limitent les effets négatifs des radicaux libres et protègent l'embryon (Surai et al, 2016 ;Peebles, 2018 ;Araújo et al, 2018). Selon les doses, les âges et les sites d'injection, les résultats rapportés peuvent être différents (augmentation de la capacité anti-oxydante, meilleure immunité, effet positif sur la croissance…).…”

Dynamic Alterations on Synthesis and Transportation of Vitamin C and Deposition Status in Produced Eggs Induced by Dietary Vitamin C Supplementation in Hy-Line Brown Layer Model

“…Nutritional supplementation at embryonic stage is expected to become a great potential way to improve the performance in poultry [1,2]. Some previous studies have indicated that in ovo feeding (IOF) of vitamin C (VC) had positive effects on the performance in poultry [3,4,5,6].…”