In Opposition to Inhibition

MacLeod, Colin M.; Dodd, Michael D.; Sheard, Erin D.; Wilson, Diane; Bibi, Uri

doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(03)01014-4

Cited by 272 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Electrophysiological indices might be more sensitive to subtle group differences than behavioral measures (e.g. Schön & François, 2011; see also Zhang, Peng, Chen, & Hu, 2015) and performance on stop-signal and Stroop tasks are not necessarily correlated and have been argued to reflect different underlying processes (e.g., Khng & Lee, 2014;MacLeod, Dodd, Sheard, Wilson, & Bibi, 2003). In fact, a previous study showing musician advantages on Stroop-type tasks (Bialystok & DePape, 2009) did not actually report smaller interference effects for musicians, but rather faster responses to both incongruent and congruent stimuli in a conflict context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the mind: Exploring the connections between musical ability and executive functions

et al. 2016

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A growing body of research suggests that musical experience and ability are related to a variety of cognitive abilities, including executive functioning (EF). However, it is not yet clear if these relationships are limited to specific components of EF, limited to auditory tasks, or reflect very general cognitive advantages. This study investigated the existence and generality of the relationship between musical ability and EFs by evaluating the musical experience and ability of a large group of participants and investigating whether this predicts individual differences on three different components of EF – inhibition, updating, and switching – in both auditory and visual modalities. Musical ability predicted better performance on both auditory and visual updating tasks, even when controlling for a variety of potential confounds (age, handedness, bilingualism, and socio-economic status). However, musical ability was not clearly related to inhibitory control and was unrelated to switching performance. These data thus show that cognitive advantages associated with musical ability are not limited to auditory processes, but are limited to specific aspects of EF. This supports a process-specific (but modality-general) relationship between musical ability and non-musical aspects of cognition.GRAMMY Foundatio

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the mind: Exploring the connections between musical ability and executive functions

et al. 2016

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“…Finally, a few authors have proposed that non-inhibitory mechanisms are sufficient to perform some tasks classically considered to be inhibitory (e.g., MacLeod, Dodd, Sheard, Wilson, & Bibi, 2003;Perfect et al, 2004). Consequently, we must consider the inhibitory nature of the tasks administered in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, we must consider the inhibitory nature of the tasks administered in the present study. At this time, only two out of the six tasks we used have been discussed in terms of noninhibitory mechanisms: the direct forgetting task in episodic memory and the retrieval-induced forgetting paradigm (MacLeod et al, 2003;Perfect et al, 2004), and no information was available for the four remaining tasks. On this basis, it is very difficult to evaluate whether the pattern of performance of elderly participants is due to the inhibitory (or non-inhibitory) nature of some tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory control of memory in normal ageing: Dissociation between impaired intentional and preserved unintentional processes

Collette

Germain

Hogge

et al. 2009

Memory

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The aim of this study was to compare the performance of elderly and young participants on a series of memory tasks involving either intentional or unintentional inhibitory control of memory content. Intentional inhibition processes in working and episodic memory were explored with directed forgetting tasks and in semantic memory with the Hayling task. Unintentional inhibitory processes in working memory, long-term memory and semantic memory were explored with an interference resolution task, the retrieval practice paradigm and the flanker task, respectively. The results indicate that elderly subjects' performance on the two directed forgetting tasks and the Hayling task is lower than that of young ones, and that this impairment is not related to their initial memory capacity. This suggests that there is a specific dysfunction affecting intentional inhibitory control of memory contents in normal aging.

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“…Inhibition has a central role in the organization of various cognitive domains, including attention, memory and language (MacLeod et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-Related Brain Potentials in the Study of Inhibition: Cognitive Control, Source Localization and Age-Related Modulations

et al. 2014

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In the previous fifteen years, a variety of experimental paradigms and methods have been employed to study inhibition. In the current review, we analyze studies that have used the high temporal resolution of the event-related potential (ERP) technique to identify the temporal course of inhibition to understand the various processes that contribute to inhibition. ERP studies with a focus on normal aging are specifically analyzed because they contribute to a deeper understanding of inhibition. Three time windows are proposed to organize the ERP data collected using inhibition paradigms: the 200 ms period following stimulus onset; the period between 200 and 400 ms after stimulus onset; and the period between 400 and 800 ms after stimulus onset. In the first 200 ms, ERP inhibition research has primarily focused on N1 and P1 as the ERP components associated with inhibition. The inhibitory processing in the second time window has been associated with the N2 and P3 ERP components. Finally, in the third time window, inhibition has primarily been associated with the N400 and N450 ERP components. Source localization studies are analyzed to examine 2 the association between the inhibition processes that are indexed by the ERP components and their functional brain areas. Inhibition can be organized in a complex functional structure that is not constrained to a specific time point but, rather, extends its activity through different time windows. This review characterizes inhibition as a set of processes rather than a unitary process.

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In Opposition to Inhibition

Cited by 272 publications

References 142 publications

Tuning the mind: Exploring the connections between musical ability and executive functions

Tuning the mind: Exploring the connections between musical ability and executive functions

Inhibitory control of memory in normal ageing: Dissociation between impaired intentional and preserved unintentional processes

Event-Related Brain Potentials in the Study of Inhibition: Cognitive Control, Source Localization and Age-Related Modulations

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