In-Operando Impedance Spectroscopy and Ultrasonic Measurements during High-Temperature Abuse Experiments on Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Lithium-Ion batteries are used in ever more demanding applications regarding operating range and safety requirements. This work presents a series of high-temperature abuse experiments on a nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (NMC)/graphite lithium-ion battery cell, using advanced in-operando measurement techniques like fast impedance spectroscopy and ultrasonic waves, as well as strain-gauges. the presented results show, that by using these methods degradation effects at elevated temperature can be observed in real-time. These methods have the potential to be integrated into a battery management system in the future. Therefore they make it possible to achieve higher battery safety even under the most demanding operating conditions.

On the Operational Conditions’ Effect on the Performance of an Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study

“…The results of the Kramers–Kronig validity testing in the form of the residuals between the fitting and raw data are provided in Figure S1 in Supplementary Materials . These residuals were low enough (mainly less than 2%) to suggest the validity of the impedance spectra in compliance with the linearity and time invariance criteria [ 45 ]. It is important to note that a Lin–KK analysis was applied to raw spectrums, and the artefacts at 100 and 200 Hz as well as the stray impedance contributed considerably to the residual values.…”

Particle Contamination in Commercial Lithium-Ion Cells—Risk Assessment with Focus on Internal Short Circuits and Replication by Currently Discussed Trigger Methods

“…When applied to cells with a hard case (prismatic design or round cells), heat distribution on the cell surface is enhanced, which leads to a large heating zone for the cell. This heating of the cell results in a higher criticality due to the significantly lowered internal cell resistance between 50 • C and 90 • C [103,104] and a lower temperature difference before exothermic side reactions' start (80 • C to 105 • C) [105], which does not correspond to the practical application.…”

Lifetime Prediction of Lithium Ion Batteries by Using the Heterogeneity of Graphite Anodes

“…The accelerated transition to electric vehicles (EVs) in the mobility sector is driving the production of an enormous number of battery cells. Each EV contains hundreds to thousands of cells depending on the type of cell. − Warranting the safe and durable cycling of these cells with high reliability requires the internal status of each lithium ion battery (LIB) cell to be diagnosed and graded at the postmanufacturing stage and during cycling. − In the current battery value chain, cell makers inspect the quality of manufactured cells by evaluating the capacity, direct current internal resistance, drop in the open circuit voltage (OCV), etc. , The internal features of a battery cell can also be examined by using tools such as acoustic spectroscopy, , X-ray computed tomography, , and fiber Bragg grating sensing . The former electrochemical analyses provide superficial information regarding the state of health (SOH) of a cell, whereas the majority of the latter techniques are destructive (requiring the cell to be opened) or require redundant steps and additional equipment.…”