In(NO₃)₃ catalyzed curing reaction of benzoxazine

Abstract

Benzoxazine is a new kind of thermoset resin with excellent properties, but it suffers from high curing temperature and low char yield in the presence of catalyst without halogen. In(NO3)3 was herein used for the first time to efficiently catalyze the curing reaction of benzoxazine and to elevate the char yield at 800°C. The reaction of benzoxazine was catalyzed by In(NO3)3 after stirring at 35°C for 300 min, and the initial curing temperature decreased to 151°C. Polybenzoxazine/In(NO3)3 showed higher thermal stability and char yield at 800°C (increased by 7.5%) compared with those of polybenzoxazine. The possible pathway of coordination bonding between In3+ and benzoxazine was proposed. In the cross-linking process, two different structures, that is, the N, O-acetal bridge structure and arylamine Mannich bridge structure formed at 35°C, both existed, which ultimately affected the thermal stability of the cured product.

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

“…The lowering of polymerization temperature was mediated by addition of Lewis acid catalysts, [ 255 , 269 , 271 , 306 , 307 ] metal salts [ 52 , 259 , 308 , 309 ], metal organic frameworks [ 310 , 311 ], and nanoparticles [ 13 , 303 , 312 , 313 ], which catalyze ROP either due to the presence of empty orbitals or metal ions which have interactions with the lone pair of heteroatoms in oxazine ring and mediate ROP.…”

Research Progress in Toughening Modification of Polybenzoxazine

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Hydrogen Bonding-Guided Strategies for Thermal Performance Modulation in Biobased Oxazine Ring-Substituted Benzoxazine Thermosets

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