In Memoriam: Eileen P. Kelly (1955-2013)

Kelly, Thomas E.

doi:10.5840/cssr20141931

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…A study found that 90% of patients could be detected the presence of PGN and 60% of patients could be detected the response of host cells to PGN through sequence and analyse AF tissues by 16S rRNA high-throughput and immunohistochemical analysis 25 . Studies by Van Onkelen RS found that IL-1 β, IL-8, IL-12p40 and TNF-α were specifically expressed in AF tissues 26 , and the response of columnar epithelial cells which contain PGN and the response of host cells to PGN was the pathogeny of AF. The results above suggest that the overexpression of PGN may be an important pathogenic mechanism of AF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study on the pathogenesis of anal fistula

Zhu

Zhong

2021

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Anal gland infection is one of the main pathogenic factors of anal fistula. The anal gland is mainly consists of columnar epithelial cells and goblet cells. Goblet cells could secrete mucins which maintain the surface mucous gel layer of intestine to prevent columnar epithelial cells from the direct acting of bacterias. The absence or diminished secretion of goblet cells could lead to the exposure of columnar epithelial cells to bacterias. In recent years, studies have found that most of the microorganisms in perianal abscess and anal fistula are intestinal bacteria. So it can be considered that the occurrence and development of anal fistula is closely related to gut microbiota. However, the molecular mechanism of gut microbiota acting on the epithelial cells of anal gland leading to the occurrence and development of anal fistula has not been explored. METHODS Anal fistula tissues were collected from 30 patients, and HE staining was employed to observe pathological changes of anal gland. Stool specimens were collected from normal group (14 normal subjects), preoperative group (21 subjects before surgery) and postoperative group (16 subjects after surgery). High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to explore differences among different groups. RESULTS It was found by HE staining that normal anal gland is composed of a large number of columnar epithelial cells as well as goblet cells, while the anal gland of patients with anal fistula is seriously lack of goblet cells. In the normal ones, a large number of vacuoles formed by the dye dissolution of mucin particles can be seen at the top of the goblet cells, and a large amount of mucin secretion can be seen in the center of the anal gland. The results of high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that there were significant statistical differences in species richness, species evenness and species composition between the preoperation group and the normal group (P1 = 0.00004), and between the preoperative group and the postoperative group (P2 = 0.00003). It also showed that PWY-6471 metabolic pathway was the most significant difference between the preoperative group and the postoperative group (P = 0.0033). CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of anal fistula may be related to the abnormal permeability of mucus layer and the change of intestinal flora composition. The absence or diminished secretion of goblet cells may cause exception of the permeability of mucus layer which makes the columnar epithelial cells of anal gland exposed to the direct contact of peptidoglycan. The metabolite of pathogenic microorganisms could activate the signal pathway (i.g. NLR/NF-κB) which leading to the overexpression of inflammatory factors and cause anal fistula.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study on the pathogenesis of anal fistula

Zhu

Zhong

2021

Preprint

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“…205 Despite the unsettled state of the law, the open access movement has gained momentum in the GLAM sector, with a number of institutions taking proactive steps to release reproduction media for public reuse. 206 Adopting such policies has enabled institutions to redirect labour to other operations, 207 reach new audiences globally, 208 and critically examine other questions arising around digitisation. 209 Yet, to many, the steps toward openly sharing reproduction media are still seen as radical and controversial.…”

Section: Cultural Heritage Institutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Access to Cultural Heritage in the Public Domain: EU and International Developments

Wallace

Euler

2020

IIC

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In the past year, a number of legal developments have accelerated discussions around whether intellectual property rights can be claimed in materials generated during the reproduction of public domain works. This article analyses those developments, focusing on the 2018 German Federal Supreme Court decision Museumsfotos, Art. 14 of the 2019 Copyright and Related Rights in the Digital Single Market Directive, and relevant provisions of the 2019 Open Data and the Reuse of Public Sector Information Directive. It reveals that despite the growing consensus for protecting the public domain, there is a lack of practical guidance throughout the EU in legislation, jurisprudence, and literature on what reproduction media might attract new intellectual property rights, from scans to photography to 3D data. This leaves ample room for copyright to be claimed in reproduction materials produced by new technologies. Moreover, owners remain able to impose other restrictive measures around public domain works and data, like onsite photography bans, website terms and conditions, and exclusive arrangements with third parties. This article maps out these various legal gaps. It argues the pro-open culture spirit of the EU Directives should be embraced and provides guidance for Member States and heritage institutions around national implementation.

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“…Together, these themes form a Christian theory or canonical perspective for surrogate decision making 78 and this is the reason why Kelly et al are correct when they write that 'they are hermeneutic themes, not ethical rules'. 79…”

Section: Hermeneutical Point Of Departurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…119 On the one hand, God initiates a merciful relationship with people where communities come into existence who believe that they share eternal life through the death and resurrection of Christ. 120 On the other hand, the relationship means that these believers who are conscious of the salvation have, out of gratitude, certain duties towards God. What is the covenant duty?…”

Section: Creation Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mal. 2:14) 122 and in this regard, Childress is also correct when he defines a relationship within the medical environment as a covenant. 123 In his in-depth study of surrogate consent, Mazur makes an exceptional connection between friendship and substitute consent; acting as proxy, in his view, can be done only on the grounds of past friendship.…”

Section: Creation Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Protected by Substitute Consent as a Human Right: A Reformed Perspective

Rheeder

2016

Studies in Christian Ethics

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In 2005, the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR) by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was accepted unanimously by the world community, consisting of 191 member nations, which means that the declaration is currently the first and only bioethical text to which the entire world has committed itself. It must be borne in mind, though, that this document, particularly Article 7 of the UDBHR, is not of religious origin and must therefore be evaluated from a Christian point of view. This article strives to ground the ethical and human-rights issue of substitute consent from a Reformed perspective. The grounding is performed in light of the creation and salvation perspectives.

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In Memoriam: Eileen P. Kelly (1955-2013)

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Preliminary study on the pathogenesis of anal fistula

Preliminary study on the pathogenesis of anal fistula

Revisiting Access to Cultural Heritage in the Public Domain: EU and International Developments

Protected by Substitute Consent as a Human Right: A Reformed Perspective

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