2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.10.032
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In line monitoring of the preparation of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) type multiple emulsions via dielectric spectroscopy

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Cited by 12 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…Sensitive instrumental methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dielectric spectroscopy can be used to monitor changing emulsion properties in real time. For instance, dielectric spectroscopy provides a noninvasive in‐line technique to track time‐dependent changes in yield and to define the optimum end point of homogenization (Beer and others ). This particular methodology is not only applicable to a system of the W/O/W type, which exhibits Debye relaxation, but also to one of the O/W/O type, which exhibits both interfacial and Debye relaxation (Pal ).…”
Section: Experimental Characterization Of Double Emulsionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sensitive instrumental methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dielectric spectroscopy can be used to monitor changing emulsion properties in real time. For instance, dielectric spectroscopy provides a noninvasive in‐line technique to track time‐dependent changes in yield and to define the optimum end point of homogenization (Beer and others ). This particular methodology is not only applicable to a system of the W/O/W type, which exhibits Debye relaxation, but also to one of the O/W/O type, which exhibits both interfacial and Debye relaxation (Pal ).…”
Section: Experimental Characterization Of Double Emulsionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Especially for process analytics, a technical hurdle is often the high turbidity of typical pharmaceutical emulsions. Herein, the most suitable techniques to monitor changes during emulsion manufacturing would be rheological analysis, or other techniques that allow measurements at high turbidity, such as Raman spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, ultrasound techniques, or diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The dielectric permittivity was also shown to be related to the physical structure (droplet concentration and size) of emulsions (Beer et al, 2013). These properties can be measured using simple capacitive techniques and procedures such as those established for the assessment of water content in extra virgin olive oils .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%