In-line extraction of REE from Dihydrate (DH) and HemiDihydrate (HDH) wet processes

Al-Thyabat, S.; Zhang, P.

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.01.010

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The concentration of these elements in WPA range from 10 to1000 ug/g depends on the composition of phosphate rocks. It was noted that the proportion of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) in phosphoric acid is higher than that in leaching solution from bastnasite and monazite (Abreu and Morais, 2010;Al-Thyabat and Zhang, 2015a;Al-Thyabat and Zhang, 2015b). Therefore, from the prospect of resources, it is of great significance to recover the REEs and U from WPA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous recovery of rare earths and uranium from wet process phosphoric acid using solvent extraction with D2EHPA

Wang

Zhang³

et al. 2018

Hydrometallurgy

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In most cases, wet-process phosphoric acid (WPA) contains trace amount of rare earth elements and uranium, which ultimately enter and accumulate in soil and may cause environmental damages. In order to remove and recover these elements, studies about solvent extraction of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and uranium (U) with D2EHPA, selective stripping of HREEs from U, and evaporation precipitation of light rare earth elements (LREEs) were investigated. Extraction efficiency of U from WPA was greatly enhanced, but HREEs extraction were significantly retarded when using the solvent mixture of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and tri-butyl-phosphate (TBP) or tri-octyl-phosphine oxide (TOPO) compared with D2EHPA alone. 89.4 % and 94.2% accumulative two-stage extraction efficiencies of HREEs and U, respectively, were achieved with 1.0 M D2EHPA alone. And more than 98.1% HREEs were selectively stripped from loaded D2EHPA with 6.0 M HCl via three stages. In addition, LREEs were enriched to 1204.3 ug/g in evaporation sludge during the concentration process of phosphoric acid from 30% to 50% P 2 O 5 , and the filtration performance was greatly improved. Based on the studies, an alternative process was developed to recover and group LREEs, HREEs and U during the phosphoric acid production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous recovery of rare earths and uranium from wet process phosphoric acid using solvent extraction with D2EHPA

Wang

Zhang³

et al. 2018

Hydrometallurgy

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“…Rare earth elements (REEs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them indispensable in many emerging critical and green innovations. The performance of REE in the high-tech products is irreplaceable by other materials; hence their demand is increasing steeply, and some are classified under critical materials 1 , 2 . REEs are not rare, but their supplies are insecure because of geologic scarcity, extraction difficulties, and dependence on sources in politically volatile countries 2 – 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technospheric Mining of Rare Earth Elements from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud): Process Optimization, Kinetic Investigation, and Microwave Pretreatment

Reid

Tam

Yang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

113

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Some rare earth elements (REEs) are classified under critical materials, i.e., essential in use and subject to supply risk, due to their increasing demand, monopolistic supply, and environmentally unsustainable and expensive mining practices. To tackle the REE supply challenge, new initiatives have been started focusing on their extraction from alternative secondary resources. This study puts the emphasis on technospheric mining of REEs from bauxite residue (red mud) produced by the aluminum industry. Characterization results showed the bauxite residue sample contains about 0.03 wt% REEs. Systematic leaching experiments showed that concentrated HNO3 is the most effective lixiviant. However, because of the process complexities, H2SO4 was selected as the lixiviant. To further enhance the leaching efficiency, a novel process based on microwave pretreatment was employed. Results indicated that microwave pretreatment creates cracks and pores in the particles, enabling the lixiviant to diffuse further into the particles, bringing more REEs into solution, yielding of 64.2% and 78.7% for Sc and Nd, respectively, which are higher than the maximum obtained when HNO3 was used. This novel process of “H2SO4 leaching-coupled with-microwave pretreatment” proves to be a promising technique that can help realize the technological potential of REE recovery from secondary resources, particularly bauxite residue.

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“…Apatite in carbonatites, alkaline rocks and sedimentary phosphorites is mined as a phosphate resource but there is no widely used industrial method to recover REE from apatite as part of fertiliser production. Research on this subject is ongoing (Ogata et al 2016;Al-Thyabat and Zhang 2015) and the Acron Group in Russia has developed a process to produce REE from apatite concentrate, with an annual capacity of 200 t REO. The phosphogypsum waste produced during fertiliser production can also represent an important source of REE .…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rare Earth Elements: Demand, Global Resources, and Challenges for Resourcing Future Generations

Goodenough

Wall

Merriman³

2017

Nat Resour Res

421

176

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The rare earth elements (REE) have attracted much attention in recent years, being viewed as critical metals because of China's domination of their supply chain. This is despite the fact that REE enrichments are known to exist in a wide range of settings, and have been the subject of much recent exploration. Although the REE are often referred to as a single group, in practice each individual element has a specific set of end-uses, and so demand varies between them. Future demand growth to 2026 is likely to be mainly linked to use of NdFeB magnets, particularly in hybrid and electric vehicles and wind turbines, and also in erbiumdoped glass fibre for communications. Supply of lanthanum and cerium is forecast to exceed demand. There are several different types of natural (primary) REE resources, including those formed by high-temperature geological processes (carbonatites, alkaline rocks, vein and skarn deposits) and those formed by low-temperature processes (placers, laterites, bauxites and ion-adsorption clays). In this paper, we consider the balance of the individual REE in each deposit type and how that matches demand, and look at some of the issues associated with developing these deposits. This assessment and overview indicate that whilst each type of REE deposit has different advantages and disadvantages, light rare earth-enriched ion adsorption types appear to have the best match to future REE needs. Production of REE as by-products from, for example, bauxite or phosphate, is potentially the most rapid way to produce additional REE. There are still significant technical and economic challenges to be overcome to create substantial REE supply chains outside China.

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In-line extraction of REE from Dihydrate (DH) and HemiDihydrate (HDH) wet processes

Cited by 46 publications

References 7 publications

Simultaneous recovery of rare earths and uranium from wet process phosphoric acid using solvent extraction with D2EHPA

Simultaneous recovery of rare earths and uranium from wet process phosphoric acid using solvent extraction with D2EHPA

Technospheric Mining of Rare Earth Elements from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud): Process Optimization, Kinetic Investigation, and Microwave Pretreatment

The Rare Earth Elements: Demand, Global Resources, and Challenges for Resourcing Future Generations

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