In-line Color Monitoring of Pigmented Polyolefins During Extrusion. I. Assessment

Reshadat, Ramin; Balke, S. T.; Calidonio, Felix; Dobbin, C. J. B.

doi:10.1016/b978-188420778-5.50018-8

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are a number of patents regarding fiber probes for specific use in Raman scattering 233, 234. Other areas where fiber‐optics technology has been applied are light scattering,235, 236 IR spectroscopy,237–242 fluorescence spectroscopy,243 UV spectroscopy,244–247 pressure sensing,32, 33, 37, 38 in‐line monitoring of polymer processing,237, 239, 246, 248–251 cure monitoring,215, 243 and in pH sensors 252–256…”

Section: On‐line Sensors For Polymer Property Trajectory Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different multivariate statistical approaches have been used in combination with on‐line sensors for calibration purposes such as in IR and Raman spectroscopy (see Sections 3.9.3 and 3.9.5). For instance, in the realm of Near‐ and Mid‐IR spectroscopy, Sasic et al,591 Reshadat and Balke,437 Reshadat et al,242, 250 Apruzzese et al,238 Stavropoulos et al,397 Roberge and Dube396 and Watari and Ozaki413, 592 performed calibrations using multivariate approaches. In Raman spectroscopy, Vickers et al,593 van den Brink,482 van den Brink et al,483–486 Aust et al224 and Reis et al224, 430, 436, 493, 594 have also used these approaches.…”

Section: Other Topics Related To Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Critical Overview of Sensors for Monitoring Polymerizations

Fonseca

Dubé

Penlidis

2009

Macro Reaction Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The available on‐line and in‐line sensor technologies developed for polymerization reactors from 1990 until today are discussed and critically reviewed. About 600 references are included, which evidence the growth in sensor technology in the last two decades. Sensors for operational parameters in polymer reactors (i.e. temperature, pressure, level and flow) as well as sensors for polymer property monitoring (i.e. calorimetry, chromatography and spectroscopy, among others) are included. Complementary topics such as state estimation, multivariate statistical methods, fault diagnosis techniques and optimal sensor selection and location are briefly covered.

show abstract

Section: On‐line Sensors For Polymer Property Trajectory Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Topics Related To Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Overview of Sensors for Monitoring Polymerizations

Fonseca

Dubé

Penlidis

2009

Macro Reaction Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus a unit color difference in one color is then not equivalent to a unit difference in another. To circumvent this problem the tristimulus values are transformed to a more uniform, three-dimensional color system, L*, a* and b* using the following equations (1 -3): (4) L* = 116 (Y/Yn)l/' -16 a* = 500 [(X/X,,)'/' -(Y/Yn)1/3] (5) b* = 200 [ ( Y/Yn) 'I3 -( Z / Z n ) 'I3] (6) &, Y , , and Z , are the tristimulus values of the standard illuminant selected. L* represents the lightness of the sample with L* = 0 as black and L* = 100 as white.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first published work on the in-line monitoring of color of polymer melts was by Calidonio et d (4,5). They monitored polyethylene color concentrates in a twin-screw continuous mixer using a fiber-opticequipped "conventional" Vis-NIR spectrometer.…”

Section: Rdh) = % ( a ) + Bomentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐line color monitoring of polymers during extrusion using a charge coupled device spectrometer: Color changeovers and residence time distributions

Gilmor

Balke

Calidonio³

et al. 2003

Polymer Engineering & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A fiber-optic-assisted, charge-coupled device spectrometer was used to monitor the color of molten polymer concentrates during extrusion. Color coordinates L*, a* and b* were calculated from each of the reflectance spectra as polyethylene color concentrate was replaced by a purge material and as the purge material was replaced by another color concentrate. A method of calculating replacing component residence time distributions and component washout residence time distributions from the spectra was developed and applied. Results with a red and a blue concentrate showed that dimensionless time (time/average residence time) superimposed both residence time distributions and color coordinate variations during changeover from two different extruder screw speeds. X = k S(h) R(h) x(h) d h 780 I, 380 r 780 k x S ( X ) R(X) x(h) AX (11 S(h) R(X) y(X) d hk x S(X) R(X) y(X) AX (2) 380 780 S(X) R(h) %(A) d hk x S(X) R(X) :(A) AX (3) 380where S(X) is the spectral power distribution of the standard illuminant selected, R(h) is the reflectance spectrum of the sample X(X). y ( h ) , Z(X) are the color matching functions for the standard observer selected and k is a constant (1).However, although color can be matched and compared by using the tristimulus values, there are several 356

show abstract

“…[3][4][5] Especially in the field of polymer processing NIR spectroscopy has opened new possibilities for process control. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] These new control concepts can be used, for example in extrusion processes, to enhance knowledge about the processed polymer melt. At present, mainly spot check off-line measurements are implemented, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Line Monitoring of Polymer Extrusion Processes by NIR Spectroscopy

Rohe

Becker

Krey

et al. 1998

Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

NIR spectroscopy has become an analytical tool frequently used in many chemical production processes. Its use in polymer processing applications such as polymer extrusion would greatly increase product quality. Parameters of interest in this application are composition of the processed polymer, moisture or reaction status in reactive polymeric systems, as well as rheological parameters such as melt flow index (MFI) or viscosity. The measurement of NIR spectra could provide a way to control the processes. For this purpose a transmission sensor was developed for the application of NIR spectroscopy to extrusion processes. This sensor includes fibre optical probes and a measuring cell that can be adapted to the various extruders for in-line measurements. In contrast to mid-infrared sensors, it uses optical quartz components, which provides a low-cost solution. Extrusion processes at temperatures up to 300°C and pressures up to 35 MPa have been investigated. The application of multivariate analysis for PE/PPblending demonstrated the performance of the system with respect to process monitoring. In this case deviations between predicted and actual polymer composition were below 2%. Together with an AOTF spectrometer that was also developed, the complete system is suitable for harsh industrial environments and could lead to improved extrusion processes.

show abstract

In-line Color Monitoring of Pigmented Polyolefins During Extrusion. I. Assessment

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

A Critical Overview of Sensors for Monitoring Polymerizations

A Critical Overview of Sensors for Monitoring Polymerizations

In‐line color monitoring of polymers during extrusion using a charge coupled device spectrometer: Color changeovers and residence time distributions

In-Line Monitoring of Polymer Extrusion Processes by NIR Spectroscopy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About