“…For non-functioning macroadenomas, prompt surgical resection via a transsphenoidal approach or craniotomy is recommended in patients with visual abnormalities such as visual field defect and ophthalmoplegia [ 16 , 17 ], and more emergently in patients who present with pituitary apoplexy, loss of endocrine function, and significant tumor growth [ 15 , 18 , 28 , 44 , 45 ]. Locally, the transsphenoidal technique is the most common, which is consistent with the world standard since it can be used effectively for 95% of pituitary tumors [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Transcranial and endoscopic techniques are also used in more appropriate circumstances [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”