In-group favoritism or the black sheep effect? Group bias of fairness norm enforcement during economic games

Zhang, Zhen; Qi, Chunhui; Wang, Yang; Zhao, Hui; Wang, Xiaoxin; Gao, Caroline X.

doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2020.00329

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Electrophysiological evidence also implied that when proposers were perceived to be unintentional, unfair offers from outgroups induced significantly larger feedback related negativity than those from ingroups in basketball teams (Wang et al, 2016) and friendship contexts (Campanha et al, 2011), which might serve as evidence of ingroup favoritism. These findings supported the social identity theory, which suggest that group attachment and positive evaluation drive individuals to favor their own group and forgive unfairness from ingroups (Tajfel, 1982;Zhang et al, 2020). Meanwhile, other studies found that people are less forgiving of ingroup perpetrators.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The present study has some limitations. First, the real social categories and minimal group paradigm were two widely used methods to manipulate group identity and have some important differences in many ways (Zhang et al, 2020 ), thereby one could investigate whether our findings could apply to the minimal groups. Second, the present research did not examine the cognitive mechanism underlying the effect of victim sensitivity on ingroup bias during norm enforcement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Victim Sensitivity and Proposal Size Modulate the Ingroup Favoritism During Fairness Norm Enforcement

et al. 2021

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People show a strong aversion to inequality and are willing to sacrifice their own interests to punish violations of fairness norms. Empirical research has found that group membership could influence the fairness judgment and norm enforcement of the individuals but has shown inconsistent findings and has not focused much on the potential moderators. Here, the two studies aimed to investigate whether victim sensitivity and proposal size moderate the impact of group membership on reactions to unfair proposals. In both studies, the participants with different victim sensitivity (low vs. high group) played the hypothetical (Study 1) and incentivized (Study 2) ultimatum game under the intragroup and intergroup condition and indicated their responses to the different proposals. Results showed that, regardless of the victim sensitivity, ingroup member is often given preferential and positive treatment. Low victim sensitive persons are more likely to accept unfair offers from the ingroup than the outgroup, while this effect was attenuated for those with high victim sensitivity, especially for highly ambiguous unfair offers (offer 6:4 in Study 1 and 8:2 in Study 2). Moreover, the ingroup favoritism score for ambiguous unfair offers was smaller for high compared with the victim sensitivity group. Taken together, the victim sensitivity, and proposal size could moderate the ingroup favoritism on responses to unfairness.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victim Sensitivity and Proposal Size Modulate the Ingroup Favoritism During Fairness Norm Enforcement

et al. 2021

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“…Brain imaging research also implied that people attempted to understand or rationalize wrongdoing from ingroups using mentalizing networks [ 21 , 22 ]. This evidence is in line with social identity theory, which implies that group integration can promote individuals’ positive evaluation and favouritism of ingroups, thus making them more inclusive of ingroup perpetrators [ 5 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Respecting and following social norms promote interpersonal cooperation, while ignoring and violating social norms can lead to interpersonal conflict [ 3 ]. The resource allocation situation is one of the important areas affected by social norms, and the imbalance of resource allocation is also one of the important reasons for interpersonal conflicts [ 4 , 5 ]. Fair norm enforcement refers to the willingness and behaviour of people to voluntarily pay benefits to punish violations of fairness norms [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ingroup Identification on Ingroup Favouritism during Fairness Norm Enforcement

Zhang

et al. 2022

Behavioral Sciences

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People tend to voluntarily sacrifice their own interests to reject unfair proposals, and this behaviour is affected by group affiliation. While group bias is a well-established phenomenon, its direction is still unclear, and little attention has been given to possible moderating factors. In two studies, we manipulate participants’ ingroup identification and investigate whether and how individuals with various levels of ingroup identification react differently to unfairness from ingroups and outgroups during an incentivized (Study 1, N = 46) and hypothetical (Study 2, N = 332) ultimatum game. The results show that participants display a strong preference for their own group. High identifiers tend to accept unfair proposals from ingroups compared to outgroups, whereas this effect is nonsignificant for low identifiers, especially for moderately unfair treatment (offer 7:3). Moreover, higher identification tends to be accompanied by higher ingroup positive expectation, which then leads to greater ingroup favouritism for an offer of 7:3. These results imply that ingroup identification can enhance group favouritism during fairness norm enforcement through ingroup positive expectation.

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“…34 Other researchers contended that Black Sheep Effect (BSE) occurs when group identity conflicts with fairness norm, meaning that people will impose more severe punishments and sanctions on the in-group for their unfair behavior. 44,45 Mendoza found that the unfair behavior of the in-group bears more severe sanctions than that of the out-group. 46 Wu and Gao used the MGP to manipulate the group identity of the in-group and out-group with Chinese children aged 3 to 6 and explored how children at different developmental stages dealt with the conflict between group identity and fairness norm.…”

Section: Group Identity and Social Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morality is Supreme: The Roles of Morality, Fairness and Group Identity in the Ultimatum Paradigm

Liu

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2022

PRBM

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Purpose A large number of decision-making need to be carried out in the context of social interactions. Previous studies have demonstrated the impact of fairness perception, moral judgment, and group identity on decision-making. However, there is no clear conclusion as to how the effect of these factors existing simultaneously on decision-making and the extent to which these factors play a role. Methods We manipulated the moral quality of proposers to explore the issue of whether morality has an impact on fairness perception and manipulated the moral quality of proposer and responder simultaneously forming group identity to explore whether group identity has an impact on the effect of morality on fairness in decision-making. Results Participants displayed a higher acceptance rates for positive moral proposers than the negative moral proposers regardless of the fairness of the allocation of money (Experiment 1) and group identity (Experiment 2). However, the effect of group identity was working, though it partially supported the In-group Preference (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 combined analysis). We hold that the group identity was influenced by morality. Conclusion When making an economic decision, morality has the supreme influence on individuals.

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In-group favoritism or the black sheep effect? Group bias of fairness norm enforcement during economic games

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Victim Sensitivity and Proposal Size Modulate the Ingroup Favoritism During Fairness Norm Enforcement

Victim Sensitivity and Proposal Size Modulate the Ingroup Favoritism During Fairness Norm Enforcement

Effects of Ingroup Identification on Ingroup Favouritism during Fairness Norm Enforcement

Morality is Supreme: The Roles of Morality, Fairness and Group Identity in the Ultimatum Paradigm

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