In-Flight Calibration of the<i>Nimbus-7</i>Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) Sensors. Part I: A Thermal Model for the Shortwave Channels

Kyle, H. Lee; Hucek, Richard; Ardanuy, Philip E.; Penn, Lanning M.; Hickey, J. R.; Groveman, Brian

doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<1137:ifcote>2.0.co;2

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The instrumental errors, compounded by errors due to the measurement techniques, display a scatter of data with little real information on the Sun. Only with the advent of measurement programmes carried out on longduration space flights with active electrical-substitution radiometers has the observational record improved to the point that for the first time we have a true measurement of solar variability [1][2][3][4]. Although this TSI measurement programme supplies the best record of solar variability, it does not provide wavelength information on changes in solar output.…”

Section: Introduction: the Importance Of Solar Spectral Irradiancementioning

confidence: 99%

Solar spectral irradiance measurements: visible to near-infrared regions

Rottman¹,

Mount²,

Lawrence³

et al. 1998

Metrologia

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A spaceborne spectral irradiance monitor (SIM) is being developed at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, to measure solar spectral irradiance and its variation for the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) SOLar STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE). The SIM consists of two independent and identical prism spectrometers. Each channel is equipped with an electrical-substitution radiometer and additional photodiodes to provide spectral coverage from 0.3 µm to 2.0 µm with a resolving power greater than 30. One of the spectrometers is used daily, while the other is used on a lower duty cycle to account for instrument degradation caused by solar exposure. The prism is rotated on a flex pivot and driven with a voice-coil motor. Closed-loop drive control and wavelength calibration are achieved by using a concave mirror on the prism table to focus a second solar beam onto a linear charge-coupled device (CCD) located at the focal plane of the prism. Radiation-induced changes in prism transmission are measured in flight by using one of the spectrometers to transfer monochromatic light to the other spectrometer. Visible and infrared photodiodes on a flip-arm measure the ratio of the beam into and out of the prism, thus measuring the prism transmission as a function of wavelength.

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Section: Introduction: the Importance Of Solar Spectral Irradiancementioning

confidence: 99%

Solar spectral irradiance measurements: visible to near-infrared regions

Rottman¹,

Mount²,

Lawrence³

et al. 1998

Metrologia

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A global signature of enhanced shortwave absorption by clouds

Collins¹

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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_4 = R f•, + (1 -f•,)• (2)The ratio of the spectral albedos is denoted by R,, The satellite data and models used in the study are described in section 2. Comparison of the Nimbus-7 observations against the NCAR CCM and off-line calculations using satelliteretrieved cloud properties are presented in section 3. Sensitivity of the results to systematic biases in the models and observations is discussed in section 4. Implications of the present study for the existence and the spatial and temporal persistence of enhanced cloud absorption are presented in section 5. Climate Model ConfigurationThe observations are compared against a 9-year integration of the NCAR CCM 3.3 using observed sea surface temperatures. The model is run at T42 horizontal resolution (---2.

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