In-Flight Calibration of the<i>Nimbus-7</i>Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) Sensors. Part III: Long-Term Changes

Kyle, H. Lee; Hucek, Richard; Ardanuy, Philip E.; Penn, Lanning M.; Groveman, Brian

doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<1163:ifcote>2.0.co;2

J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.

1995

DOI: 10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<1163:ifcote>2.0.co;2

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In-Flight Calibration of theNimbus-7Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) Sensors. Part III: Long-Term Changes

H. Lee Kyle¹,

Richard Hucek²,

Philip E. Ardanuy³

et al.

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“…The parameterization is applied to all clouds between the surface and the 700 mbar treated as a single-layer cloud system. The differences in • related to subgrid cloud structure are much smaller in the sensitivity of the shortwave and near-IR instruments has been corrected so that the global annual mean reflected fluxes fluctuate by less than 0.5% over length of the data record[Kyle et al, 1995c]. However, the adjustment procedure does not account for changes in the spectral response of the instruments with strong wavelength dependence.…”

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“…This finding is consistent with the larger reduction in the sensitivity of the shortwave radiometer. The uncorrected signal from the shortwave channel decreased by 13.9% compared to 6% for the near-IR channel over the duration of the Nimbus ERB experiment[Kyle et al, 1995c]. Tashima and Hartmann[1998] have shown that the adjustment used to guarantee stable annual global-mean fluxes can introduce spurious regional trends in reflected shortwave radiation.…”

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A global signature of enhanced shortwave absorption by clouds

Collins¹

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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_4 = R f•, + (1 -f•,)• (2)The ratio of the spectral albedos is denoted by R,, The satellite data and models used in the study are described in section 2. Comparison of the Nimbus-7 observations against the NCAR CCM and off-line calculations using satelliteretrieved cloud properties are presented in section 3. Sensitivity of the results to systematic biases in the models and observations is discussed in section 4. Implications of the present study for the existence and the spatial and temporal persistence of enhanced cloud absorption are presented in section 5. Climate Model ConfigurationThe observations are compared against a 9-year integration of the NCAR CCM 3.3 using observed sea surface temperatures. The model is run at T42 horizontal resolution (---2.

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A global signature of enhanced shortwave absorption by clouds

Collins¹

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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On the Lessons Learned From the Operations of the ERBE Nonscanner Instrument in Space and the Production of the Nonscanner TOA Radiation Budget Data Set

Wong

Smith

Kato

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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Regional Trends inNimbus-7OLR: Effects of a Spectrally Nonuniform Albedo*

Tashima¹,

Hartmann²

1999

J. Climate

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Data from the Earth Radiation Budget wide-field-of-view sensors on board the Nimbus-7 satellite during the period 1979-87 indicate a statistically significant downward trend in daytime outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) of up to 14 W m Ϫ2 decade Ϫ1 over the Sahara desert region of Africa. Reflected solar radiation shows a positive trend of the same magnitude. No significant trends in temperature or cloudiness over the region can be demonstrated. Atmospheric desert dust aerosols increase over the same period, but the spatial pattern of the dust trend is different from that of the OLR and reflected solar trends. A plausible explanation is that these trends are instrumental in nature and are caused by degradation of the Suprasil filter dome that covers the reflected solar channels. The filter dome degradation is greater for shorter wavelengths of the solar spectrum compared to red and near-infrared wavelengths. This enhanced degradation at shorter wavelengths, combined with the increased albedo of deserts at longer wavelengths, causes the global correction applied to the reflected solar data to be too large over desert regions. The OLR is calculated by subtracting the reflected solar irradiance from the unfiltered total outgoing irradiance (reflected solar plus emitted longwave). Thus, if the total irradiance remains unchanged, an erroneous upward trend in the solar data will cause a downward trend in the OLR estimate of similar magnitude. A preliminary calculation of the magnitude of the filter degradation effect is presented. Laboratory and thematic mapper spectral reflectance data of desert sand are used to estimate the reflectivity of the desert surface as a function of wavelength. The degradation of the shortwave filter as a function of wavelength is estimated with a quadratic fit to the known deterioration rates of the reflected solar and near-infrared channels. Using these parameters, the magnitude of the trend explained by this effect is calculated to be 11 W m Ϫ2 decade Ϫ1 , which is nearly as large as the trends in the data. * Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean Contribution Number 503.

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In-Flight Calibration of theNimbus-7Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) Sensors. Part III: Long-Term Changes

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

A global signature of enhanced shortwave absorption by clouds

A global signature of enhanced shortwave absorption by clouds

On the Lessons Learned From the Operations of the ERBE Nonscanner Instrument in Space and the Production of the Nonscanner TOA Radiation Budget Data Set

Regional Trends inNimbus-7OLR: Effects of a Spectrally Nonuniform Albedo*

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