In elderly women moderate hypercholesterolemia is associated to endothelial and microcirculatory impairments

Lopes, Flávia Gomes; Bottino, Daniel; Oliveira, Francisco José de; Mecenas, Anete Souza; Clapauch, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.mvr.2012.10.009

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There were nearly no microhemorrhages in our mouse model of hypercholesterolemia. While this is contrary to the histological results gathered in the microvasculature of SHRSP [ 7 ], our findings in Ldlr -/- mice are, however, in line with clinical studies showing that (i) low serum cholesterol levels are associated with an increased number of cerebral microbleeds and with ongoing hematoma growth after large intracerebral bleeding, and that (ii) statin-use is not related to intracerebral hemorrhage occurrence [ 14 , 28 – 31 ]. We hypothesize, that this inverse relationship between hypercholesterolemia and microbleed load might be explained by hypercholesterolemia-induced small vessel degeneration which rather cause wall thickening and arteriolosclerosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…While in Ldlr -/- mice there is a well-established link between high serum cholesterol levels and macroangiopathic lesions [ 16 , 17 ], the pathological mechanism of hypercholesterolemia in the cerebral microcirculation has not been addressed yet. Hypercholesterolemia induces the upregulation of endothelial proteins such as P-Selectin [ 13 ], that, together with elevated blood viscosity [ 23 ], increased neutrophilic shear-sensitivity within the small vessel bed [ 24 ] and autoregulatory alterations [ 14 ] result in a microvascular inflammatory-thrombotic state. These changes may also be responsible for the small vessel occlusions found in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several mechanisms linking hypercholesterolemia with pathological features of the vessel walls potentially associated with intraluminal accumulations of cells [ 13 ], impairment of the vasodilatory response [ 14 ] and a severe inflammatory and thrombogenic phenotype [ 15 ]. There is a danger that the role hypercholesterolemia might play in inducing cerebral microangiopathy will be neglected when simply taking into account clinical MRI studies limited to visualize CSVD-related downstream pathology but not the small vasculature itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypercholesterolemia induced cerebral small vessel disease

et al. 2017

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BackgroundWhile hypercholesterolemia plays a causative role for the development of ischemic stroke in large vessels, its significance for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) remains unclear. We thus aimed to understand the detailed relationship between hypercholesterolemia and CSVD using the well described Ldlr-/- mouse model.MethodsWe used Ldlr-/- mice (n = 16) and wild-type (WT) mice (n = 15) at the age of 6 and 12 months. Ldlr-/- mice develop high plasma cholesterol levels following a high fat diet. We analyzed cerebral capillaries and arterioles for intravascular erythrocyte accumulations, thrombotic vessel occlusions, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and microbleeds.ResultsWe found a significant increase in the number of erythrocyte stases in 6 months old Ldlr-/- mice compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). Ldlr-/- animals aged 12 months showed the highest number of thrombotic occlusions while in WT animals hardly any occlusions could be observed (P < 0.001). Compared to WT mice, Ldlr-/- mice did not display significant gray matter BBB breakdown. Microhemorrhages were observed in one Ldlr-/- mouse that was 6 months old. Results did not differ when considering subcortical and cortical regions.ConclusionsIn Ldlr-/- mice, hypercholesterolemia is related to a thrombotic CSVD phenotype, which is different from hypertension-related CSVD that associates with a hemorrhagic CSVD phenotype. Our data demonstrate a relationship between hypercholesterolemia and the development of CSVD. Ldlr-/- mice appear to be an adequate animal model for research into CSVD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypercholesterolemia induced cerebral small vessel disease

et al. 2017

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“…RBCs are used to visualize the capillary wall, and thus an increase in blood viscosity may affect RBCV 34 . RBC deformability and hematocrit are also factors that may compromise microvascular function 35 . Although these parameters are evaluated in this study, results from other investigations are conflicting, showing similar values 36 or a decrease 37 in hematocrit values in patients with periodontitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Severe Chronic Periodontitis Is Associated With Endothelial and Microvascular Dysfunctions: A Pilot Study

Lira-Júnior¹,

Figueredo²,

Fischer³

2014

Journal of Periodontology

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“…The effect of high cholesterol level on either arterial diameter or microcirculation is not yet clearly understood. However, there are some recent researches insisting on the negative impact of high cholesterol on endothelial impairment as well as worsened microcirculation 17 ), and there is no doubt that these changes lead to the dysfunction and compromise of vascular structures 8 ). These structural changes include the narrowing of the inner diameter of vessels, and our results are compatible with this general consensus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications Following Transradial Cerebral Angiography : An Ultrasound Follow-Up Study

Yoon

Kwon

Choudhri

et al. 2018

J Korean Neurosurg Soc

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ObjectiveThe feasibility and usefulness of transradial catheterization for coronary and neuro-intervention are well known. However, the anatomical change in the catheterized radial artery (RA) is not well understood. Herein, we present the results of ultrasonographic observation of the RA after routine transradial cerebral angiography (TRCA). MethodsPatients who underwent routine TRCA with pre- and post-procedure Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) of the catheterized RA were enrolled. We then recorded and retrospectively reviewed the diameter and any complicated features of the RA observed on DUS, and the factors associated with the diameter and complications were analyzed. ResultsA total of 223 TRCAs across 181 patients were enrolled in the current study. The mean RA diameter was 2.48 mm and was positively correlated with male gender (p<0.001) and hypertension (p<0.002). The median change in diameter after TRCA was less than 0.1 mm (range, -1.3 to 1.2 mm) and 90% of changes were between -0.8 and +0.7 mm. Across 228 procedures, there were 12 cases (5.3%) of intimal hyperplasia and 22 cases (9.6%) of asymptomatic local vascular complications found on DUS. Patients with abnormal findings on the first procedure had a smaller pre-procedural RA diameter than that of patients without findings (2.26 vs. 2.53 mm, p=0.0028). There was no significant difference in the incidence of abnormal findings for the first versus subsequent procedures (p=0.68). ConclusionDUS identified the pre- and post-procedural diameter and local complications of RA. Routine TRCA seems to be acceptable with regard to identifying local complications and changes in RA diameter.

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In elderly women moderate hypercholesterolemia is associated to endothelial and microcirculatory impairments

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Hypercholesterolemia induced cerebral small vessel disease

Hypercholesterolemia induced cerebral small vessel disease

Severe Chronic Periodontitis Is Associated With Endothelial and Microvascular Dysfunctions: A Pilot Study

Complications Following Transradial Cerebral Angiography : An Ultrasound Follow-Up Study

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