2016
DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2015.2471183
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In-Ear EEG From Viscoelastic Generic Earpieces: Robust and Unobtrusive 24/7 Monitoring

Abstract: Abstract-We introduce a novel in-ear sensor which satisfies key design requirements for wearable electroencephalography (EEG) -it is discreet, unobtrusive and capable of capturing highquality brain activity from the ear canal. Unlike initial designs which utilised custom earpieces and require a costly and timeconsuming manufacturing process, we here extend the generic earmould concept to make ear-EEG suitable for immediate and widespread use. We propose a departure from silicone earmoulds, and instead outline … Show more

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Cited by 157 publications
(146 citation statements)
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“…However, state of the art dry electrodes EEG systems still do not match electrodes with conductive gel applied in terms of data acquisition quality, and are less comfortable for the subjects (Oliveira et al, 2016). From an aesthetic point of view, recent studies have proposed in ear EEG sensors (Looney et al, 2012; Kidmose et al, 2013; Mikkelsen et al, 2015; Goverdovsky et al, 2016), around-the-ear electrodes grids (Debener et al, 2015; Bleichner et al, 2016; Mirkovic et al, 2016), or a baseball cap fitted with electrodes (Bleichner et al, 2015). Future developments in mobile brain imaging should therefore aim to increase the ease of use, discretion and comfort of the sensors while maximizing data quality in order to be successfully applicable in real-world settings.…”
Section: Current Challengesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, state of the art dry electrodes EEG systems still do not match electrodes with conductive gel applied in terms of data acquisition quality, and are less comfortable for the subjects (Oliveira et al, 2016). From an aesthetic point of view, recent studies have proposed in ear EEG sensors (Looney et al, 2012; Kidmose et al, 2013; Mikkelsen et al, 2015; Goverdovsky et al, 2016), around-the-ear electrodes grids (Debener et al, 2015; Bleichner et al, 2016; Mirkovic et al, 2016), or a baseball cap fitted with electrodes (Bleichner et al, 2015). Future developments in mobile brain imaging should therefore aim to increase the ease of use, discretion and comfort of the sensors while maximizing data quality in order to be successfully applicable in real-world settings.…”
Section: Current Challengesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For real-world conditions, Configurations 2 to 4 utilise the materials which were used in a study based on earEEG that included monitoring the stability of electrode impedance for 8 h [31]. Throughout the 8 h duration the impedance was stable and the same can be assumed for the helmet.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Developments in this directions are the recently developed, invisible (Nikulin et al, 2010), and easy to set up, gel-free EEG electrodes (Zander et al, 2011; Guger et al, 2012; Mullen et al, 2015). Electrodes can also be placed so that they are barely visible in the ear (Looney et al, 2014; Goverdovsky et al, 2016), on the ear (Norton et al, 2015), or, as printed electrode arrays, around the ears (Debener et al, 2015). In addition, miniaturized mobile EEG systems (De Vos et al, 2014; Stopczynski et al, 2014) and NIRS systems are presently being developed (Piper et al, 2014; Von Lühmann et al, 2015).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%