In-depth study of synergism between torrefaction and catalyst for balanced production of bio-oil from rice husk pyrolysis based on hydrocarbons production, energy yield and deoxygenation degree

A systematic review of efficient recycling for the cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries: process intensification technologies beyond traditional methods

“…Moreover, a plethora of other potential development technologies, as yet unapplied to LIB material recovery, undoubtedly await exploration. 203 As the new energy industry continues to burgeon, heightened attention and application of recovery technologies based on process intensification are anticipated.…”

Influence of torrefaction as pretreatment on the fast pyrolysis of sugarcane trash

“…As expected, the carbon content increased from 37.68 wt% for RST-FP to 63.53 wt% for 300ST-FP, and the oxygen content decreased from 52.24 wt% for RST-FP to 25.48 wt% for 300ST-FP, which was consistent with the elemental change in the torrefied ST. The significant reduction in oxygen content in the resulting bio-oil demonstrates the potential of torrefaction as a pretreatment method for producing low-oxygen bio-oil, complementing conventional methods such as catalytic pyrolysis that are effective for deoxygenation [42] as well as hydrocarbon production [43]. The pH and HHV of bio-oils increased from 3.29 to 5.18 and from 16.59 MJ/kg to 23.55 MJ/kg, respectively, indicating that the torrefaction pretreatment made the bio-oil produced in the subsequent fast pyrolysis process more stable owing to the lower acidity and have higher energy density.…”