In-depth study of rice husk torrefaction: Characterization of solid, liquid and gaseous products, oxygen migration and energy yield

Chen, Dengyu; Gao, Anjiang; Ma, Zhongqing; Fei, Dayi; Chang, Yevvon Yi-Chi; Shen, Chao

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.009

Cited by 171 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, in trials conducted at 320°C, there was a decrease of 45% falling back to about 0.92 level. Differently from H/C ratio, O/C atomic ratio continued to decline rapidly with increasing temperature because of the oxygen mitigation It was also found in a previous study which was carried out with risk husk …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Differently from H/C ratio, O/C atomic ratio continued to decline rapidly with increasing temperature because of the oxygen mitigation It was also found in a previous study which was carried out with risk husk. 50 In trials carried out at 260°C, it fell back to 0.32 level with a decrease of 48% compared with the raw material, 0.24 level with a decrease of 60% at 290°C, and 0.11 level with a decrease of 83% at 320°C. Based on elemental compositions, torrefied cotton stalks generally had characteristics similar to lignite extracted in Turkey.…”

Section: The Results Of Elemental Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…O/C and H/C atomic ratio of torrefied cotton stalk was expected to decrease at the end of torrefaction process. The important effect of temperature on the oxygen mobilisation has been indicated, and up to 63% of oxygen has been transferred from biomass to volatile products in the temperature range of 210°C to 300°C . Torrefied cotton stalk gained properties like coal after increase of independent variables, ie, atomic ratios decreased (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upgrading lignocellulosic waste to fuel by torrefaction: Characterisation and process optimization by response surface methodology

Kutlu

Koçar

2018

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Torrefied biomass is a commercial fuel, which is particularly produced from woody biomass via torrefaction and alternative to coal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the short term. In this study, torrefaction conditions of cotton stalk were optimised, and the effect of bulk density together with temperature and residence time on process yields and characterisation of torrefied cotton stalk was investigated. Response surface methodology using Box‐Behnken design was employed for the design of experiments and optimization. Cotton stalk was torrefied at a temperature between 260°C and 320°C, in 10, 35, and 60 minutes with bulk density of 125, 150, and 175 kgm−3. Temperature was the most effective parameter for the six responses (higher heating value, carbon content, hydrogen/carbon and oxygen/carbon ratios, mass loss, and energy yield). Besides, temperature/bulk density interaction was found to be significant for all responses whereas residence time/bulk density interaction was effective for process yields. The optimization results showed that more economical torrefied biomass with similar quality of lignite could also be produced under process conditions of 305°C‐32 minutes‐158 kgm−3. At this point, higher heating value and carbon content of product were calculated as 19.7 MJ kg−1 and 64%, respectively.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: The Results Of Elemental Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upgrading lignocellulosic waste to fuel by torrefaction: Characterisation and process optimization by response surface methodology

Kutlu

Koçar

2018

Int J Energy Res

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“…The amount of CH 4 increased at 300°C, whereas Nam and Capareda [41] detected the start of CH 4 formation at 250°C with an increasing trend in temperature as well. Both Chen et al [40] and Nam and Capareda [41] used feedstocks with similar cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents to analyzed wheat-barley straw pellets; therefore, it is likely that the process conditions (i.e., feedstock heating rate) impacted the methane formation profile with temperature, which was the reason for the discrepancy between the obtained results and the available data in the literature. CO 2 and CO are formed as a result of decarboxylation and depolymerization reactions (breakage of C2 2O2 2C and C5 5O bonds in hemicellulose, cellulose, and aldehydic compounds as a result of their secondary pyrolysis reaction), whereas CH 4 is a result of depolymerization and cracking [32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The CO 2 and CO trends were consistent with that in the available literature [39], whereas the CH 4 trend was not consistent. Chen et al [40] analyzed rice husk torrefaction products obtained at 210°C, 240°C, 270°C, and 300°C, and the formation of CH 4 began at 270°C. The amount of CH 4 increased at 300°C, whereas Nam and Capareda [41] detected the start of CH 4 formation at 250°C with an increasing trend in temperature as well.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torrefaction of Agricultural Residues: Effect of Temperature and Residence Time on the Process Products Properties

Jagodzińska

Czerep

Kudlek

et al. 2020

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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To date, few studies on the potential utilization of agricultural residue torrefaction products have been performed. Thus, torrefaction product characterization aimed at its potential utilization was performed. Wheat-barley straw pellets and wheat-rye chaff were used in the study. The impact of the torrefaction temperature (280-320°C) on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content in the biochar and noncondensable gas (noncondensables) composition was investigated. The impact of the torrefaction time (30-75 min) on the composition of the condensable volatiles (condensables) and their toxicity were also studied. The torrefaction process was performed in a batch-scale reactor. The PAH contents were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the noncondensables composition was measured online using a gas analyzer and then gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The condensables composition and main compound quantification were determined and quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Three toxicity tests, for saltwater bacteria (Microtox ® bioassay), freshwater crustaceans (Daphtoxkit F magna ® ), and vascular plants (Lemna sp. growth inhibition test), were performed for the condensables. The PAHs content in the biochar, regardless of the torrefaction temperature, allows them to be used in agriculture. The produced torgas shall be co-combusted with full-caloric fuel because of its low calorific value. Toxic compounds (furans and phenols) were identified in the condensable samples, and regardless of the processing time, the condensables were classified as highly toxic. Therefore, they can be used either as pesticides or as an anaerobic digestion substrate after their detoxification.

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Biomass as a sustainable resource for value‐added modern materials: a review

Sharma

Kaur

Punj

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Over the past century, the world's population has increased greatly. The growth in the population has increased the global food demand, so the food sector has increased its production. As a result of the increased production and consumption, a huge amount of agro-food waste is being generated yearly. Rice husk, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, corn husk, peanut shell, eggshell, are just a few examples of agro-food wastes. As these agro-food wastes and their by-products are left unused and unattended, their amount is increasing globally. It is imperative to find ways to put these wastes to environmentally viable use. These wastes find direct uses in biofertilizers, mud houses, animal feed, biofuel, and heat generation in small-scale industries, etc. After heat generation, ashes are considered as a secondary by-product, which can be used as a sustainable and renewable resource for synthesizing value-added products for various applications. This article presents a review of the traditional and advanced methods of utilizing these wastes in household applications, animal feed, fertilizers, fuel generation, pyrolysis, and for the removal of toxic metals from polluted water. These secondary resources can also be used in construction materials and for the synthesis of glasses and glass-ceramics, which can be used in bioengineering, optical, and dielectric materials. Agrofood wastes can be used as resource materials to develop modern materials with better properties instead of using minerals. This not only reduces the environment-and management-related problem of the wastes but also provides a sustainable alternative way to produce cost-effective value-added materials for the benefit of society.

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In-depth study of rice husk torrefaction: Characterization of solid, liquid and gaseous products, oxygen migration and energy yield

Cited by 171 publications

References 34 publications

Upgrading lignocellulosic waste to fuel by torrefaction: Characterisation and process optimization by response surface methodology

Upgrading lignocellulosic waste to fuel by torrefaction: Characterisation and process optimization by response surface methodology

Torrefaction of Agricultural Residues: Effect of Temperature and Residence Time on the Process Products Properties

Biomass as a sustainable resource for value‐added modern materials: a review

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