In-depth spectral characterization of antioxidative (1,3)-β-D-glucan from the mycelium of an identified tiger milk mushroom Lignosus rhinocerus strain ABI in a stirred-tank bioreactor

Usuldin, Siti Rokhiyah Ahmad; Mahmud, Norfaizah; Ilham, Zul; Ikram, Nur Kusaira Khairul; Ahmad, Rahayu; Wan‐Mohtar, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad

doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101455

Cited by 19 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The strong, broad peak in the absorption region between 3000 cm −1 and 3500 cm −1 indicated the stretching vibration of O–H groups in the sugar residue as well as showing the presence of polyhydroxilic compounds [10] , [27] . The absorption peaks at 2924 cm −1 in A and 2925 cm −1 in B were associated with the stretching vibration of C–H in the sugar ring, indicating the presence of a methylene group, –CH 2 [2] . The absorption peak in A (1636 cm −1 ) and B (1635 cm −1 ) showed the water bending vibration in the polysaccharide [2] , [28] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absorption peaks at 2924 cm −1 in A and 2925 cm −1 in B were associated with the stretching vibration of C–H in the sugar ring, indicating the presence of a methylene group, –CH 2 [2] . The absorption peak in A (1636 cm −1 ) and B (1635 cm −1 ) showed the water bending vibration in the polysaccharide [2] , [28] . The absorbance at 1073 cm −1 in A and 1077 cm −1 in B also shows the presence of C–O–C and C–O bonds stretching vibrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fermentation strategies have been unchanged for decades [1] . The conventional way to study mushrooms was through solid-state fermentation (SSF) until submerged liquid fermentation (SLF) was improved [2] . SLF caught researchers' attention due to its high yield of biomass and polysaccharide production in a shorter time period and with lower costs compared to SSF [3] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pellet diameter of <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> in a repeated-batch fermentation for the trio total production of biomass-exopolysaccharide-endopolysaccharide and its anti-oral cancer beta-glucan response

et al. 2020

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The pellet morphology and diameter range (DR) of Ganoderma lucidum were observed in a repeated-batch fermentation (RBF) for the trio total production of biomass, exopolysaccharide (EPS) and endopolysaccharide (ENS). Two factors were involved in RBF; broth replacement ratio (BRR: 60%, 75% and 90%) and broth replacement time point (BRTP: log, transition and stationary phase) in days. In RBF, 34.31 g/L of biomass favoured small-compact pellets with DR of 20.67 µm< d < 24.00 µm (75% BRR, day 11 of BRTP). EPS production of 4.34 g/L was prone to ovoid-starburst pellets with DR of 34.33 µm< d <35.67 µm (75% BRR, day 13 of BRTP). Meanwhile, the highest 2.43 g/L of ENS production favoured large-hollow pellets with DR of 34.00 µm< d < 38.67 µm (90% BRR, day 13 of BRTP). In addition, RBF successfully shortened the biomass-EPS–ENS fermentation period (31, 33 and 35 days) from batch to 5 days, in seven consecutive cycles of RBF. In a FTIR detection, β-glucan (BG) from EPS and ENS extracts were associated with β-glycosidic linkages (2925 cm −1 , 1635 cm −1 , 1077 cm −1 , 920 cm −1 and 800 cm −1 wavelengths) with similar 1 H NMR spectral behaviour (4.58, 3.87 and 3.81 ppm). Meanwhile, 4 mg/L of BG gave negative cytotoxic effects on normal gingival cell line (hGF) but induced antiproliferation (IC 50 = 0.23 mg/mL) against cancerous oral Asian cellosaurus cell line (ORL-48). Together, this study proved that G. lucidum mycelial pellets could withstand seven cycles of long fermentation condition and possessed anti-oral cancer beta-glucan, which suits large-scale natural drug fermentation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pellet diameter of <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> in a repeated-batch fermentation for the trio total production of biomass-exopolysaccharide-endopolysaccharide and its anti-oral cancer beta-glucan response

et al. 2020

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“…The TPC analysis was performed using the Folin–Ciocalteu method previously reported by Hasni, Ilham, Mohamad, and Varman (2017) and Usuldin et al. (2020) with slight modifications. Briefly, 1 mL of the extract was mixed with 1 mL of the Folin–Ciocalteu's reagent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruiting‐body‐base flour from an Oyster mushroom waste in the development of antioxidative chicken patty

Wan‐Mohtar

Lim

Kamarudin

et al. 2020

Journal of Food Science

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In a commercial oyster mushroom farm, from 300 g of the total harvest, only the cap and stem of the fruiting body parts are harvested (200 g) while the unused lower section called fruiting-body-base (FBB) is discarded (50 g). A new antioxidative FBB flour (FBBF) conversion to mixed-ratio chicken patty was recently developed which converts 16.67% of FBB into an edible flour. At the initial stage, pretreatments of FBBF were optimized at particle size (106 μm) and citric acid concentration (0.5 g/100 mL) to improve flour antioxidant responses. Such pretreatments boosted total phenolic content (2.31 ± 0.53 mg GAE/g) and DPPH (51.53 ± 1.51%) of pretreated FBBF. Mixed-ratio chicken patty containing FBBF (10%, 20%, 30%) significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness of the patties. However, only the hardness and chewiness increased proportionally with the increase FBBF in concentration. Notably, 60 panellists considered that 10% FBBF-chicken patty sensory attributes, including lightness, redness, and yellowness, is acceptable to consumers. This information could be used to market any type of commercial mushroom farm waste as alternative food products.

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“…Asiaticoside, one of the triterpene compounds isolated from C. asiatica, appears to have a role in wound healing via increased type I collagen synthesis and promotion of angiogenesis (Shukla et al, 1999a;Shukla et al, 1999b;Ruszymah et al, 2012;Azis et al, 2017). Further extensive identification of the bioactive compounds should be performed by using 1D and full 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (Usuldin et al, 2020).…”

Section: Identification Of Phytochemical Compound By Using the Lc-ms/mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic-antagonistic interaction of vegetable extracts, Acalypha indica, Centella asiatica, and Sesbania grandiflora: Wound healing, antioxidant, protectivity, and antimicrobial properties

Mahmud¹,

Ramasamy²,

Manickam³

et al. 2020

MJM

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Aims: Acalypha indica (AI), Centella asiatica (CA), and Sesbania grandiflora (SG) are vegetables commonly used in traditional medicine in Asian countries to treat skin problems. In this study, we investigated their pharmacological activities relevant to wound healing and synergistic actions to provide an insight into a promising vegetable combination as a candidate treatment for wounds. Methodology and results: The stimulatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of aqueous (A) and methanol (M) extracts of all the three vegetables were assessed alone and in combination in normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells in vitro. CA-A (89.52%) and the combination of AI-A+CA-A (90.76%) produced the highest percentage of wound closure. AI-A exhibited the highest total phenolic content (TPC) (82.94 mg GAE/g) and moderate reducing activity (61.63 mM Fe (II)/mg) when assessed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), and the combination of AI-A+CA-A exhibited scavenging activity at IC50 = 379.75 µg/mL and IC50 = 578.7 µg/mL, respectively. Pre-treatment of NHDF cells with CA-M at 100 µg/mL offered the highest protection against hydrogen peroxide. All single and combined vegetable extracts showed poor antibacterial properties against Gram negative and Gram positive bacterial species implicated in wound infection. Only AI-A+CA-A executed synergism in fibroblast migration when assessed via the combination index (CI). Furthermore, screening and identification of AI-A, CA-A, and CA-M via UHPLC (LC-MS/MS) system revealed that the major components responsible for all the tested bioactivities were phenolic groups such as simple polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and triterpenes (asiaticoside and madecassosides). Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The vegetable extracts of A. indica, C. asiatica, and S. grandiflora exhibited good bioactivities independently. However, only AI-A+CA-A showed synergism in-combination to accelerate the migration of fibroblast and antioxidant activities. These findings demonstrate the potential formulation of combined vegetable extracts from the two species of A. indica and C. asiatica for optimum wound healing properties.

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In-depth spectral characterization of antioxidative (1,3)-β-D-glucan from the mycelium of an identified tiger milk mushroom Lignosus rhinocerus strain ABI in a stirred-tank bioreactor

Cited by 19 publications

References 67 publications

Pellet diameter of <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> in a repeated-batch fermentation for the trio total production of biomass-exopolysaccharide-endopolysaccharide and its anti-oral cancer beta-glucan response

Pellet diameter of <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> in a repeated-batch fermentation for the trio total production of biomass-exopolysaccharide-endopolysaccharide and its anti-oral cancer beta-glucan response

Fruiting‐body‐base flour from an Oyster mushroom waste in the development of antioxidative chicken patty

Synergistic-antagonistic interaction of vegetable extracts, Acalypha indica, Centella asiatica, and Sesbania grandiflora: Wound healing, antioxidant, protectivity, and antimicrobial properties

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