In-Depth Fluid Diversion by Pre-Gelled Particles. Laboratory Study and Pilot Testing.

Coste, Jean-Paul; Liu, Y.; Bai, Baojun; Li, Y.; Shen, Pingping; Wang, Z.; Zhu, Guo Cheng

doi:10.2118/59362-ms

Cited by 128 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A crosslinking reaction then occurs by using a specific trigger to generate gels in situ at reservoir temperature to either fully or partially plug the formation. This technology, however, has several disadvantages that restrict its applications for conventional reservoirs, such as a lack of gelation time control, gelling uncertainty due to shear degradation, chromatographic separation between polymer and crosslinker, and dilution by the formation of water and minerals [5,6,7,8,2,3]. In recent years, newer gel systems have been developed to overcome these drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing the strength and size of preformed particle gels for better conformance control treatment

Imqam

Bai

2015

Fuel

137

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h i g h l i g h t sPermeable gel-pack was formed in the large fluid channels by gel particles. A better gel blocking efficiency gained by optimizing gel strength and particle size. Gel pack permeability was a few hundred millidarcies before the load pressure. PPG is compressible and its compressibility was between 0.0003 psi À1 and 0.003 psi À1 . PPG formed internal channels when subjected to a continuous load pressure. a b s t r a c tA newer trend in gel treatments is using preformed particle gel (PPG) to reduce fluid channels through super-high permeability streaks/fractures and thus to decrease water production and increase sweep efficiency for mature oilfields. The success of a PPG treatment mainly depends on whether or not the PPG can effectively reduce the permeability of the channels to an appropriate level. This work sought to determine what factors significantly influence the blocking efficiency of PPG in fluid channels. A transparent filtration model was designed to observe the compression of gel particles in fluid channels at several differential pressures and to study the effect of various parameters, such as brine concentrations and particle sizes, on PPG blocking efficiency. The results suggested that rather than fully blocking the channel, a permeable gel pack was formed in the fluid channel by gel particles, and its permeability was dependent on the gel strength, particle size, and load pressure. The gel pack permeability decreased as the gel strength, particle size, and load pressure increased. Thus, the blocking efficiency of the particle gel on a channel is increased if large sizes or/and strong particles are used. The gel pack permeability was a few hundred millidarcies before the load pressure was applied; it decreased to less than 10 md when the load pressure rose. The results also indicated that the PPG pack was compressible and its compressibility decreased as the load pressure increased. These results can be effectively used to optimize a PPG design. A gel pack that has a desired permeability can be devised by selecting the proper gel strength and particle size corresponding to the reservoir pressure. This is essential for a successful gel treatment so as to reduce the permeability to a manageable preplanned degree.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A PPG is a millimeter-size particle formed at the surface. It is then dried and crushed into small particles to inject into a reservoir [8,2,3]. Microgels are injected into a reservoir as fully water soluble, nontoxic, soft, stable, and size-controlled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the strength and size of preformed particle gels for better conformance control treatment

Imqam

Bai

2015

Fuel

137

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“…Particle gels contain PPGs, microgels, swelling micrometersized polymers (Bright Water R ), and a pH-sensitive crosslinked polymer (Coste et al 2000;Chauveteau et al 2000Chauveteau et al , 2001Al-Anaza and Sharma 2002;Pritchett et al 2003;Frampton et al 2004;Huh et al 2005;Rousseau et al 2005;Bai et al 2007aBai et al , b, 2008Zaitoun et al 2007;Roussennac and Tosschi 2010;Zhang et al 2010;Jia et al 2011;Juntail et al 2011a, b). Table 1 displays different types of particle gels used in the oil industry, related studies and the researchers who developed these gels, particle size, and applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of strong preformed particle gels on low permeable formations in mature reservoirs

Elsharafi

Bai

2016

Pet. Sci.

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In mature reservoirs, the success of preformed particle gel (PPG) treatment rests primarily on the ability of the PPG to reduce and/or plug the high permeable formations, but not damage the low permeable formations. Static test models (filtration test model and pressure test model) were used to determine the effect of PPG on low permeable formations. This work used a strong preformed particle gel, Daqing (DQ) gel made by a Chinese company. The particle gel sizes were ranged from 30 to 120 mesh for this work. PPGs are sized in a millimeter or micrometer, which can absorb over a hundred times their weight in liquids. The gel strength was approximately 6500 Pa for a completely swollen PPG with 1 % (weight percentage) NaCl solution (brine). 0.05 %, 1 %, and 10 % NaCl solutions were used in experiments. Sandstone core permeability was measured before and after PPG treatments. The relationship between cumulative filtration volumes versus filtration times was determined. The results indicate that DQ gels of a particle size of 30-80 mesh did not damage the cores of a low permeability of 3-25 mD. The DQ gels of a smaller particle size ranging from 100 to 120 mesh damaged the core and a cake was formed on the core surface. The results also indicate that more damage occurred when a high load pressure (400 psi) was applied on the high permeability cores (290-310 mD). The penetration of the particle gels into the low permeable formations can be decreased by the best selection of gel types, particle sizes, and brine concentrations.

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“…Several researchers (Bai et al 2007;Chauveteau et al 2000Chauveteau et al , 2001Chauveteau et al , 2003Coste et al 2000;Feng et al 2003) investigated the use of gel particles for plugging of pores for circumventing the problems associated with the high permeability of "thief zones" by conditioning and preparing such unfavorable formations for drilling operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation and Correlation of Treatment in Weak and High-Permeability Formations by Use of Gel Particles

Al-Ibadi

Civan

2013

SPE Production &Amp; Operations

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Near-wellbore formation treatment by injection of suspensions of deformable gel particles is explored as a method of prevention of lost circulation of drilling fluids, handling of reservoir permeability heterogeneity, and controlling water production in mature waterflooded oil fields containing highly permeable and weak zones. Conditioning and plugging of such formations and the resulting permeability impairment occurring during injection of suspensions of deformable gel particles are investigated experimentally. The effect of concentration, flow rate, and gel-particle sizes of suspensions on the prevailing pore-plugging processes is inferred by flow tests conducted with 3,800-md 16-to 20-mesh sandpacks. Prevailing particle-entrapment and -permeabilityimpairment mechanisms are identified under various conditions by means of specially formulated diagnostic equations. Appropriate dimensionless groups are used to develop several empirical correlations of the experimental data, which can assist in choosing suitable gel-particle suspensions and proper application conditions required for effective near-wellbore-formation treatment. This reveals valuable insights and information about the functional trends of sandpack plugging by gel-particle suspensions, which can help in successful design and mitigation of formation-plugging treatments in the field.

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In-Depth Fluid Diversion by Pre-Gelled Particles. Laboratory Study and Pilot Testing.

Cited by 128 publications

References 14 publications

Optimizing the strength and size of preformed particle gels for better conformance control treatment

Optimizing the strength and size of preformed particle gels for better conformance control treatment

Influence of strong preformed particle gels on low permeable formations in mature reservoirs

Experimental Investigation and Correlation of Treatment in Weak and High-Permeability Formations by Use of Gel Particles

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