In-depth examination and analysis of Domenico Cresti's oil on wall paintings in Santa Maria della pace in Rome

Characterization of Green Paints in Ming and Qianlong Dynasties’ Lin’xi Pavilion by Complimentary Techniques

“…Trace amounts of fatty acid markers, such as for palmitic acid (C 16 H 31 O 2 − ), were found, but this is likely from the glue. However, organic fragment markers for protein and oils were not detected in regions that correspond to the green and white paint layers in the cross sections [ 8 , 9 ]. Therefore, the paint binder could not be directly identified.…”

“…As previously established by Voras, et al [ 9 ]. and deGhetaldi, et al [ 8 ], a ToF-SIMS IV with the upgraded capabilities of a ToF-SIMS V (ION-TOF USA Inc, Chestnut Ridge, NY, USA) was used to image the paint cross sections. A bismuth/manganese primary ion source was used to collect all images and spectra in the analysis chamber with a pressure of 5.0 × 10 −8 mbar or less.…”

“…In order to identify and study these materials, the authors first utilized scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to map the elemental and molecular fragment distributions across the cross sections. These techniques have been established in the field to identify layered materials within paintings and other cultural heritage objects, first for inorganics and then for organics [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Following these analyses, characterization of pigment particles and some organic material was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared and Raman spectroscopies, with specific interest in the green pigments.…”