In-depth characterization of CD24 high CD38 high transitional human B cells reveals different regulatory profiles

Abstract

This study provides evidence for the existence of different transitional B-cell subsets, each displaying unique phenotypic and regulatory functional profiles. Furthermore, the study indicates that altered distribution of transitional B-cell subsets highlights different regulatory defects in patients with different autoimmune diseases.

Association of Defective Regulation of Autoreactive Interleukin‐6–Producing Transitional B Lymphocytes With Disease in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis

“…However, the percentages of mature naive (CD24+CD38+) B cells and memory (CD24 high CD38+) B cells were lower in the patients (mean ± SEM 85.57 ± 6.21 cells/μl blood and 21.66 ± 2.15 cells/μl blood corresponding to 58.7 ± 2.4% and 14.81 ± 1.18% of total B cells, respectively) than the healthy controls (68 ± 4.85 cells/μl blood and 17.72 ± 1.66 cells/μl blood corresponding to 67.76 ± 1.87% and 18.98 ± 1.66% of total B cells, respectively) ( P < 0.01 for mature B cells and P = 0.056 for memory B cells). The increase in transitional B cells in SSc patients is consistent with other autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome .…”

“…Cell staining and flow cytometry. Enriched B cells were stained with combinations of fluorochrome‐conjugated antibodies . Monoclonal antibodies were purchased from the following suppliers.…”

“…Murine transitional B cells are distinguishable from mature cells based on the expression level of CD23, CD21, and the developmental marker CD24 . In humans, recent studies from a number of laboratories including ours have revealed that transitional human B cells (CD24 high CD38 high ) do not constitute a single population but can be divided into 4 subsets . These subsets have subtle differences in maturational and tolerance status and capacity to produce IL‐10 and IL‐6 .…”

Transitional B Cells in Early Human B Cell Development – Time to Revisit the Paradigm?

“…Co-expression of high levels of CD24 and CD38 have also frequently been used to identify them, and it is important that CD27 be included if this is the case since the CD38 hi CD24 hi population can contain CD27 + cells that may be more akin to the IgM memory populations (10). Heterogeneity has been seen within transitional cells such that T1 (CD38 +++ CD24 hi CD10 ++ IgD lo/− ), T2 (CD38 ++ CD24 hi CD10 + IgD + ), and T3 (CD38 + CD24 + IgD + ABCB1 − ) subpopulations have been identified (9, 11, 12). T1 cells have been shown to be highly prone to spontaneous apoptosis and are hard to rescue even with BCR or T cell stimulation (13, 14), thereby providing another opportunity for negative selection during tolerance and removal of autoimmunity (8, 15).…”

Tolerance in Kidney Transplantation: What Is on the B Side?

“…In this sense, genetic and surface expression studies have been conducted with partial success to unravel a unique Breg signature [16, 17]. Unfortunately, to date such unequivocal markers have not been found yet.…”