In defence of genital autonomy for children

Earp, Brian D.

doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103030

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There have been some propositions in Western countries to allow doctors to perform pricking [10, 15]. However, in all cases, the negative reactions against these suggestions from those supporting a zero tolerance approach have been fierce [14–17]. As a result, no changes to allow pricking have been made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with the support of pricking (female genital cutting type IV) among Somali immigrants – a cross-sectional study in Sweden

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPricking, classified as female genital cutting (FGC) type IV by the World Health Organization, is an under-researched area gaining momentum among diaspora communities. Our aim was to explore factors associated with being supportive of pricking among Somalis in Sweden.MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, attitudes and knowledge regarding FGC, and measures of socioeconomic status, acculturation, and social capital, were assessed by a 49-item questionnaire in four municipalities in Sweden. Data were collected in 2015 from 648 Somali men and women, ≥ 18 years old, of which 113 supported the continuation of pricking. Logistic regression was used for the analysis.ResultsThose more likely to support the continuation of pricking were older, originally from rural areas, and newly arrived in Sweden. Further, those who reported that they thought pricking was: acceptable, according to their religion (aOR: 10.59, 95% CI: 5.44–20.62); not a violation of children’s rights (aOR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.46–5.61); and did not cause long-term health complications (aOR: 5.52, 95% CI: 2.25–13.52) had higher odds of supporting pricking. Religion was strongly associated with the support of pricking among both genders. However, for men, children’s rights and the definition of pricking as FGC or not were important aspects in how they viewed pricking, while, for women, health complications and respectability were important.ConclusionsValues known to be associated with FGC in general are also related to pricking. Hence, there seems to be a change in what types of FGC are supported rather than in their perceived values.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12978-017-0351-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with the support of pricking (female genital cutting type IV) among Somali immigrants – a cross-sectional study in Sweden

et al. 2017

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“…27 In the meantime, a precautionary approach suggests that non-therapeutic circumcision should generally not be performed until boys can 'assess the sensitivity of their own foreskins as compared to other parts of the penis -as well as their role in sexual experience more generally -in light of their own considered sexual preferences and values' . 8,[28][29][30] Declaration of interests: none declared.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant circumcision and adult penile sensitivity: implications for sexual experience

Earp

2016

Trends Urol & Men's Health

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A recent study reported that neonatal circumcision is not associated with changes in adult penile sensitivity, leading to viral coverage in both traditional and online media. In this commentary the author questions the conclusions drawn from the study and explores the relationship between objective assessments of penile sensitivity and subjective sexual experience and satisfaction. The author concludes with suggestions for improving future research.

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“…A holistic lens is necessary to consider the full range of factors which may impact sexual function in FGC-affected women without further stigmatizing them by only narrowly focusing on the state of their altered genitalia (Sharif Mohamed, Wild, Earp, Johnson-Agbakwu, & Abdulcadir, 2020). Furthermore, it is also critically important to distinguish the ethical debate surrounding genital alterations performed on minors, and consider the human right to bodily integrity and genital autonomy of all minors regardless of gender (Brussels Collaboration on Bodily Integrity, 2019; Earp, 2016bEarp, , 2020. This must be further contextualized by the sociopolitical discourse around gender and race which are pivotal to the development of truly unbiased policy (Atallah et al, 2016), failing to do so further "others" non-White migrant women's bodies (Baillot, Murray, Connelly, & Howard, 2018;Johansen, 2017).…”

Section: Attitudes Norms and Control In Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sculptors of African Women’s Bodies: Forces Reshaping the Embodiment of Female Genital Cutting in the West

Johnson‐Agbakwu

Manin

2020

Arch Sex Behav

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Video featuring male performance artist, Makode Aj Linde, whose blackfaced, minstrel caricature echoes the racialized stereotypes of the post-Civil War era in United States history wherein African-Americans were dehumanized and demeaned in the public media and entertainment with exaggerated facial features, language, movement, character and deportment; codifying blackness as primitive, hypersexual, and comedic. https ://www. youtu be.com/watch ?v=z8zLM _hIw7Y (accessed 2/6/20). 2 Jezebel's Erin Gloria Ryan. 4/17/12. "Swedish Official Gleefully Cuts Racist Black Lady Cake, Delights Onlookers." https ://jezeb el.com/swedi sh-offic ial-gleef ully-cuts-racis t-black-lady-cake-59026 72 (accessed 2/6/20). 3 Ebony magazine's Jonathan Pitts-Wiley. 4/18/12. "Taking the 'Painful Cake': Reconsidering the Swedish Ministry Art Nightmare" http:// www.ebony.com/news-views/the-swedish-ministry-art-nightmare#. UyOhZrlOXVi (accessed 2/6/2020).

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In defence of genital autonomy for children

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

Factors associated with the support of pricking (female genital cutting type IV) among Somali immigrants – a cross-sectional study in Sweden

Factors associated with the support of pricking (female genital cutting type IV) among Somali immigrants – a cross-sectional study in Sweden

Infant circumcision and adult penile sensitivity: implications for sexual experience

Sculptors of African Women’s Bodies: Forces Reshaping the Embodiment of Female Genital Cutting in the West

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