In-Band Device-to-Device Communication in OFDMA Cellular Networks: A Survey and Challenges

Abstract

Direct communication between two or more devices without the intervention of a base station, known as device-todevice (D2D) communication, is a promising way to improve performance of cellular networks in terms of spectral and energy efficiency. The D2D communication paradigm has been largely exploited in non-cellular technologies such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi but it has not yet been fully incorporated into existing cellular networks. In this regard, a new proposal focusing on the integration of D2D communication into LTE-A has been recently approved by the 3GPP standardization community as discussed in this paper. In cellular networks, D2D communication introduces several critical issues, such as interference management and decisions on whether devices should communicate directly or not. In this survey, we provide a thorough overview of the state of the art focusing on D2D communication, especially within 3GPP LTE/LTE-A. First, we provide in-depth classification of papers looking at D2D from several perspectives. Then, papers addressing all major problems and areas related to D2D are presented and approaches proposed in the papers are compared according to selected criteria. On the basis of the surveyed papers, we highlight areas not satisfactorily addressed so far and outline major challenges for future work regarding efficient integration of D2D in cellular networks.Index Terms-D2D communication, D2D mode selection, interference management, D2D energy efficiency, advanced topology for D2D1553-877X (c) Fig. 2. Classification of D2D communication in cellular networks.tion underlying LTE-A network and shown how the D2D communication can be established within a system architecture evolution (SAE). The study introduces an exchange of messages to support the D2D functionality within the SAE and contemplates the possible limits of the D2D concerning interference issues both in the downlink (DL) and the uplink (UL) transmission directions. The paper also presents feasibility analysis evaluating performance of network with enabled D2D communication. Functional prospects of the D2D communication and its implementation into LTE-A system are tackled in [29]. The paper describes new features necessary to be added into the SAE architecture in order to support the D2D communication: radio identification and bearer setup, means to exchange the information over a D2D connection and interference management, link adaptation, timing, and mobility issues. Design aspects of network assisted D2D communication is addressed in [30]. The paper firstly provides a brief overview on technical challenges posed by enabling of D2D concept in cellular networks and provides the solutions for individual challenges.An option of architectural modification in LTE-A networks for D2D is also proposed in [31]. The authors introduce new network entity, called a D2D server (in Fig. 1, this server is not depicted to keep clarity of the figure), and necessary interfaces to connect it to the existing LTE-A architecture. The D2D server is located within the E...

Improving cellular downlink throughput by multi-hop relay-assisted outband D2D communications

“…In [11], an overview of papers primarily focusing on inband D2D communications in OFDMA cellular networks is provided, where the authors introduce the research status and major problems existing in D2D communications from different perspectives and then provide a number of existing solutions concerning these problems. Another survey on D2D communications is presented in [12], where the advantages and disadvantages of inband D2D and outband D2D are discussed, and also, the authors point out the major issues which occur in overlay D2D, underlay D2D, and outband D2D.…”

“…However, literature [27] investigates a selling relays service based on tokens exchange in the two--hop outband D2D communications. As described in [11], interaction among conventional cellular communications, two-hop outband D2D communications and multi-hop outband D2D communications should be investigated and analyzed. In summary, an attractive option is to extend two-hop relay communications to multi-hop relay communications.…”

“…For any receiving UE i, how broad its neighboring scope should be, in which the UEs send data to it in a given transmission power (e.g., p ue ), to ensure its BER within BE th ? For simplicity and without loss of generality, we could estimate the receiving UE i's approximate coverage D i according to the following formula (11).…”

“…The approximate coverage of UE i is estimated by formula (11). Due to the number of actual interference sources and their location distributions, transmission powers and other information about interference estimation may not be available for UE i; thus, F i,wifi is an uncertain value.…”

Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in 5G Wireless Networks With Full-Duplex Technology: Recent Advances and Research Challenges

“…Several survey papers exist in the literature in the context of dynamic spectrum sharing and spectral coexistence covering a wide range of areas such as spectrum occupancy modeling and measurements [29,30], interweave DSS [31,32,34], underlay DSS [35][36][37], overlay DSS [38], MAC protocols for DSS [39], spectrum decision [43], spectrum assignment [44], security for DSS [40], learning for DSS [41,42], DSS under practical imperfections [13], licensed spectrum sharing [61][62][63] IoT, M2M and D2D [64][65][66][67] techniques [45], and the coexistence of LTE and WiFi [46]. Furthermore, the contribution in [37] provided a comprehensive review of radio resource allocation techniques for efficient spectrum sharing based on different design techniques such as transmission power-based versus SINRbased, and centralized versus distributed method, and further provided various requirements for the efficient resource allocation techniques.…”