Impulsivity in obese women

Nederkoorn, Chantal; Smulders, Fren T.Y.; Havermans, Remco C.; Roefs, Anne; Jansen, Anita

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2006.05.008

Cited by 322 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Concerning our first objective regarding the comparisons between obese patients and normal-weight controls, the pattern of results (increased errors and omissions for obese patients for all types of stimuli) suggests that obese patients have a global impairment affecting inhibition processes (manifested by an increased number of errors on all types of distracter stimuli), as well as a global impairment affecting the ability to focus attention on relevant stimuli (as indicated by an increased number of omissions of all types of target stimuli), which is consistent with earlier research linking obesity to poor cognitive performance on several types of tasks (e.g., Cournot et al, 2006;Cserje´ si et al, 2009Cserje´ si et al, , 2007Nederkoorn, Braet, et al, 2006;Nederkoorn, Smulders, et al, 2006). It remains to interpret the nature of these general deficits.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…Some studies have explored cognitive functions in obese persons. Existing studies suggest that obese adults and children have various deficits affecting executive control, including poor inhibition (Nederkoorn, Braet, Van Eijs, Tanghe, & Jansen, 2006;Nederkoorn, Smulders, Havermans, Roefs, & Jansen, 2006) poor mental flexibility (Boeka & Lokken, 2008;Cserje´ si, Luminet, Poncelet, & L ´ena´ rd, 2009;Cserje´ si, Molnar, Luminet, & Le´ na´ rd, 2007;Gunstad et al, 2007), poor planning and problem-solving capacities (Boeka & Lokken, 2008), as well as selective and sustained attention deficits (Cournot et al, 2006;Cserje´ si et al, 2009Cserje´ si et al, , 2007. As such, they resemble bulimic patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive deficits in obese persons with and without binge eating disorder. Investigation using a mental flexibility task

et al. 2011

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Objective: Studies suggest that cognitive deficits and attentional biases play a role in the development and maintenance of obesity and eating disorders. In this study, we simultaneously examine attentional biases, as well as inhibitory control and mental flexibility, which are keys to controlling unwanted behaviors and thoughts in obese patients with and without binge eating disorder. Methods: 16 obese patients with binge eating disorder and 16 patients without binge eating disorder were compared with 16 normal-weight controls on a ‘‘food/body-mental flexibility task'', which allows the investigation of inhibitory control, mental flexibility and attention for stimuli related to the body and food. Results: All obese patients made significantlymore errors (i.e., pressing a key when a distracter displayed) andmore omissions (i.e., not pressing a key when a target displayed) than controls in both food and body sections of the task. Obese participants with binge eating disorder made significantly more errors and omissions than those without binge eating disorder. No difference between groups was found concerning mental flexibility and cognitive biases for food- and body-related targets. Discussion: These results suggest that obese patients have a general inhibition problemand difficulty focusing attention, which do not depend on the types of stimuli processed. The results also suggest that these cognitive deficits are more severe in obese patients with binge eating disorder, which indicates that there is a continuum of increasing inhibition and cognitive problems with increasingly disordered eating. These cognitive deficits may contribute to problematic eating behaviors

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supporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive deficits in obese persons with and without binge eating disorder. Investigation using a mental flexibility task

et al. 2011

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“…This is in line with the performance of the obese women in the study of Nederkoorn and colleagues. 14 The performance of the Door Opening Task did not differ between overweight and lean children, hence in the present study there seemed to be no direct relationship between overweight and reward responsiveness. This is against our hypothesis that was based on the findings of Nederkoorn and colleagues.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

“…Based on the results of Nederkoorn and colleagues 14 we expected that the overweight children in this sample would exhibit poorer response inhibition skills than the lean children, especially towards the end of the computer task. Since the aspect of reward sensitivity has also been linked to obesity, 13 we expected that, besides being poor response inhibitors, the overweight children would also be more reward sensitive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between impulsivity and a varied food environment: its influence on food intake and overweight

2007

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Objective: The current study tests the influence of two factors, the obesogenic environment and impulsivity, on food intake in primary school children. Our current food environment offers a large variety of cheap and easily available sweet and fatty foods. This obesogenic environment is believed to be a cause of the recent obesity epidemic. Impulsive people are generally less successful at inhibiting prepotent responses and they are reward sensitive. We investigate whether the interaction between an obesogenic environment and an impulsive person leads to overeating. Design: A quasi-experimental 2 (reward sensitive versus not reward sensitive) by 2 (successful response inhibitors versus unsuccessful response inhibitors) by 2 (monotonous versus varied food environment) between-subjects design with caloric intake during a taste test as the main dependent variable. The link between impulsivity and overweight was also examined. Subjects: 78 healthy primary school children (age: 8-10 years). Measurements: We measured two aspects of impulsivity: reward sensitivity and deficient response inhibition. Subsequently, one aspect of the obesogenic environment was manipulated; half of the participants received monotonous food during a bogus taste test whereas the other half tasted food that was varied in colour, form, taste and texture. Results: As expected, reward sensitivity interacted with variety. In the monotony group there was no difference in food intake between the less and more reward-sensitive children (183 kcal ± 23 s.d. versus 180 kcal ± 21 s.d.). However, in the variety group the more reward-sensitive children ingested significantly more calories than the less reward-sensitive children (237 kcal±30 s.d. versus 141 kcal ± 19 s.d.). Reward sensitivity was not linked to overweight. Deficient response inhibition did not interact with variety, but it was linked to overweight. Conclusion: It is suggested that reward sensitivity could be a causal mechanism for overeating in an obesogenic environment whereas prepotent response inhibition may be a maintaining factor of the problem of overeating.

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“…However, Nederkoorn et al (2006) found no association between delay discounting and BMI, or between trait-level impulsiveness and BMI. Similarly, Epstein et al (2003) found no association between BMI and delay discounting.…”

Section: Time Preference and Body Mass Indexmentioning

confidence: 68%

Associations between a one-shot delay discounting measure and age, income, education and real-world impulsive behavior

Reimers

Maylor

Stewart

et al. 2009

Personality and Individual Differences

295

270

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There has been discussion over the extent to which delay discounting -as prototypically shown by a preference for a smaller-sooner sum of money over a larger-later sum -measures the same kind of impulsive preferences that drive non-financial behavior. To address this issue a dataset was analyzed, containing 42,863 participants' responses to a single delaydiscounting choice, along with self-report behaviors that can be considered as impulsive.Choice of a smaller-sooner sum was associated with several demographics: younger age, lower income, lower education; and impulsive behaviors: earlier age of first sexual activity and recent relationship infidelity, smoking, and higher body mass index. These findings suggest that at least an aspect of delay discounting preference is associated with a general trait influencing other forms of impulsivity, and therefore that high delay discounting is another form of impulsive behavior.

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Impulsivity in obese women

Cited by 322 publications

References 24 publications

Cognitive deficits in obese persons with and without binge eating disorder. Investigation using a mental flexibility task

Cognitive deficits in obese persons with and without binge eating disorder. Investigation using a mental flexibility task

The interaction between impulsivity and a varied food environment: its influence on food intake and overweight

Associations between a one-shot delay discounting measure and age, income, education and real-world impulsive behavior

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