Impulsivity in adult neurobehavioral disorders.

Abstract

Disorders of impulse control are frequently associated with adult psychiatric diagnoses (e.g., borderline personality disorder, kleptomania, explosive disorder, pyromania) as well as disorders with a typical onset in childhood (e.g., Tourette's syndrome, tic disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder). Behavioral and personality changes are also commonly found in adult neurological diseases. In fact, an inability to restrain one's impulses and control behavior may be the initial symptom or primary complaint noted by concerned family members or by neurologists when examining a patient for potential central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. In this chapter we focus on the etiology and clinical presentation of impulsiveness associated with adult neurobehavioral disorders.Pathological impulsivity can be conceptualized as a failure to regulate, monitor, or control behavior and emotional expression. Because

A multifactorial and integrative approach to impulsivity in neuropsychology: insights from the UPPS model of impulsivity

“…Impulsive behaviors are also common in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, even in the early phases of the disease (Holmes, Johnson, & Roedel, 1993). More specifically, data collected with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (Cummings et al, 1994) on large samples of patients with a diagnosis of AD helped to identify a wide range of behavioral symptoms (e.g., agitation, irritability, aggression, disinhibition, euphoria, appetite disturbances; Aalten et al, 2007).…”

Delay and Probability Discounting as Candidate Markers for Dementia: An Initial Investigation

“…There are several reasons to suggest that pathological aging due to AD would lead to altered delay discounting performance. First, AD is associated with the emergence of impulsive behaviors, and this appears to occur even in early disease stages (Holmes, Johnson, & Roedel, 1993;Rochat et al, 2013). Second, it is well established that general impairments in decision-making are associated with neurodegenerative conditions, including various forms of dementia (Brand et al, 2005;Cools, Barker, Sahakian, & Robbins, 2003;Delazer, Sinz, Zamarian, & Benke, 2007;Stout, Rodawalt, & Siemers, 2001;Torralva et al, 2007).…”